Prevalence Of Cardiorespiratory Impairment In Post Stroke Survivors
Abstract
Background: Stroke, caused by a blockage or rupture in brain vessels, results in sudden brain dysfunction and is a leading cause of long-term disability. Reduced activity following a stroke decreases cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), impairs mobility, and increases the risk of future strokes and heart problems. All strokes, including ischemic and haemorrhages, raise vascular risk. Managing blood pressure, obesity, smoking, and glucose is critical for recovery and prevention.
Methods: This study is observational, and was conducted on sixty four people suffering from cardiorespiratory impairment in post stroke. A questionnaire was provided to the participants. the result were analysed according to the interpretation of questionnaire.
Result: A simple random survey of 64 post-stroke survivors revealed that 71.8% had signs of cardiorespiratory impairment, indicating a significant concern in this population.
Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory impairment is a common concern among post-stroke survivors, resulting in reduced function, a lower quality of life, and an increased risk of recurring heart problems. Based on this, 64 participants with such impairments were evaluated using a questionnaire.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Benjamin, E.J.; Muntner, P.; Alonso, A.; Bittencourt, M.S.; Callaway, C.W.; Carson, A.P.; Chamberlain, A.M.; Chang, A.R.; Cheng, S.; Das, S.R.; et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association. C
Billinger SA, Arena R, Bernhardt J, Eng JJ, Franklin BA, Johnson CM, MacKay-Lyons M, Macko RF, Mead GE, Roth EJ, Shaughnessy M, Tang A; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology. Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Aug;45(8):2532-53. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000022. Epub 2014 May 20. PMID: 24846875.
GBD 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23: 973–1003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Feigin VL, Owolabi MO, on behalf of the World Stroke Organization–Lancet Neurology Commission Stroke Collaboration Group. Pragmatic solutions to reduce the global burden of stroke: a World Stroke Organization–Lancet Neurology Commission. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22: 1160–1206. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kamalakannan S, Gudlavalleti AS, Gudlavalleti VS, Goenka S, Kuper H. Incidence & prevalence of stroke in India: a systematic review. Ind J Med Res 2017; 146: 175–185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
High-Intensity Exercise Training Impact on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Gait Ability, and Balance in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis– Alessio Baricich , Margherita Beatrice Borg.et.cl
Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Stroke: Biological Consequences and Exercise-Induced Adaptations Sandra A. Billinger,1 Eileen Coughenour,1 Marilyn J. MacKay-Lyons,2 and Frederick M. Ivey3, 4 1Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Mail
C. E. Hafer-Macko, S. Yu, A. S. Ryan, F. M. Ivey, and R. F. Macko, “Elevated tumor necrosis factor-α in skeletal muscle after stroke,” Stroke, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 2021–2023, 2005
F. M. Ivey, A. W. Gardner, C. L. Dobrovolny, and R. F. Macko, “Unilateral impairment of leg blood flow in chronic stroke patients,” Cerebrovascular Diseases, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 283– 289, 2004.
F. M. Ivey, A. S. Ryan, C. E. Hafer-Macko, A. P. Goldberg, and R. F. Macko, “Treadmill aerobic training improves glucose tolerance and indices of insulin sensitivity in disabled stroke survivors: a preliminary report,” Stroke, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 2752–2758, 2007.
C. L. Rochester and V. Mohsenin, “Respiratory complications of stroke,” Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 248–260, 2002.
Kopunek SP, Michael KM, Shaughnessy M, Resnick B, Nahm ES, Whitall J, Goldberg A, Macko RF. Cardiovascular risk in survivors of stroke. Am J Prev Med. 2007 May;32(5):408-12. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.021. PMID: 17478267; PMCID: PMC1963444.
Feigin, V. L., Stark, B. A., Johnson, C. O., Roth, G. A., Bisignano, C., Abady, G. G., ... & Vos, T. (2021). Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Neurology, 20(10), 795–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0
Gordon, N. F., Gulanick, M., Costa, F., Fletcher, G., Franklin, B. A., Roth, E. J., & Shephard, T. (2004). Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors. Circulation, 109(16), 2031–2041.
Ivey, F. M., Macko, R. F., Ryan, A. S., & Hafer-Macko, C. E. (2006). Cardiovascular health and fitness after stroke. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 13(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1310/3KXE-8YUL-03NR-8A72
Macko, R. F., Ivey, F. M., Forrester, L. W., Hanley, D. F., & Silver, K. H. C. (2005). Task-oriented aerobic exercise in chronic hemiparetic stroke: training adaptations and hemiparetic functional recovery. Stroke, 36(10), 2206–2211.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Vaishnav Chandrashekhar Mangrulkar, T. Poovishnu Devi, Maitreyi Kamble

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.