Journal of Neonatal Surgery

A Journey of Dedication and Progress

Muhammad Bilal Mirza — 2025-01-04

Analysis of clinical characteristics and comparison of survival of inborn versus outborn cases of esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula

Md Mokarram Ali — 2025-01-04

Background: Many factors influence the survival of newborns with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, including birth weight, maturity at birth, and associated congenital anomalies. However, the impact of the place of delivery on the survival of esophageal atresia cases has rarely been explored. This study aims to compare the survival rates of newborns with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) born at our tertiary care center (inborn) with those born elsewhere and referred to our center for management (outborn).
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted from June 2021 to December 2023 at a tertiary care center in North India. A total of 46 cases of EA/TEF were included. These cases were divided into two groups: outborn and inborn. Outborn cases comprised those delivered at other hospitals and admitted through the pediatric emergency department of our institute. Inborn cases were delivered at our institute and admitted to the neonatal ICU managed by neonatologists.
Results: Among the 46 cases, 17 (36.96%) were inborn, and 29 (63.04%) were outborn. The average birth weight in the inborn group was 1.74 ± 0.53 kg, compared to 2.22 ± 0.34 kg in the outborn group (p = 0.0006). Preterm births were more common in the inborn group than in the outborn group (p = 0.004). Associated VACTERL anomalies were present in 6 cases in each group, accounting for 35.29% of inborn cases, 20.69% of outborn cases, and 26.09% overall. The overall survival rate was 41.30%. Survival was higher in the inborn group (58.82%) compared to the outborn group (31.03%), though this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.064).
Conclusion: The survival of newborns with esophageal atresia in developing nations depends on various factors beyond birth weight, maturity, and associated anomalies. The availability of pediatric surgical facilities and neonatology support at the place of delivery significantly impacts outcomes and warrants further detailed study.

Histopathological Classification and Clinic pathological Study of Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Its Subtypes

Pranjal S Shah — 2025-01-04

Still, more women than any other disease get breast cancer around the world. When used in a clinic, it has a lot of different effects. Invasive Breast Carcinoma (IBC) is a group of tumours that come in different shapes and sizes, which affects how they are treated and how likely they are to come back. The main goal of this work is to give a full tissue description and clinicopathological study of the disease with the goal of finding and describing IBC's subtypes. Breast samples from people who had been physically removed and were labelled with IBC were looked at again. We carefully looked at 100 cases using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to check for the oestrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Markers such as synaptophysin A and chromogranin A were also used to check for neuroendocrine differentiation. The type of cancer that happened most often was invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and the type that happened second most often was invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Ten percent of the patients had IBCs that were mixed with neuroendocrine development. Each cancer had a different histology grade, but a lot of them were graded as II, which means they were pretty different. Fifteen percent of the samples had high amounts of HER2, and sixty percent had positive ER and PR. cancers that are developing neuroendocrine systems have a slower mitotic rate and more hormone receptor hits than cancers that are not developing neuroendocrine systems. This paper stresses how important it is to do a full tissue study and genetic description, even when dividing IBC groups.

Efficacy of Yoga-Nidra on Anxiety among Elderly People in Selected Old Age Homes

Shivaji Pawar — 2025-01-04

BACKGROUND: Elderly individuals in old age homes often face significant stress, anxiety, and depression. Yoga-Nidra has been found to effectively reduce anxiety levels among these populations.

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to assess the level of anxiety among elderly people in selected old age homes, evaluate the efficacy of Yoga-Nidra in reducing anxiety.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This quantitative research utilized a one-group pre-test and post-test design with a sample size of 50 participants, selected through a cluster sampling technique. The DASS-21 questionnaire was used to collect data on anxiety levels and demographic variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: The results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety levels post-intervention. The pretest mean was 11.00 (SD = 3.528) with a t-value of 7.432 and a p-value of <0.0001. The post-test mean was 7.96 (SD = 2.231) with the same t-value and p-value. Significant associations were found between anxiety levels and sociodemographic variables such as education (χ2 = 20.842, p = 0.0076), monthly income of the family (χ2 = 11.311, p = 0.0035), and contact with family members (χ2 = 16.773, p = 0.0102).

CONCLUSION: The study concluded that Yoga-Nidra is effective in reducing anxiety among elderly people in selected old age homes.

Anxiety Among Old Age People and Their Relationship with Selected Socio-Demographic Variables: A Study from Western Maharashtra

Shivaji Pawar — 2025-01-04

Background: Anxiety among elderly individuals residing in old age homes is a significant concern that can impact their overall well-being and quality of life. Understanding the association between anxiety levels and sociodemographic variables can provide insights into potential risk factors and inform targeted interventions.

Objective: This study aims to examine the association between pre-test anxiety scores and selected sociodemographic variables among elderly residents in selected old age homes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly individuals residing in old age homes. Pre-test anxiety levels were assessed using the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Sociodemographic variables, including age, gender, socioeconomic status, education level, marital status, and health conditions, were collected through structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression analyses, were performed to explore the relationships between anxiety scores and sociodemographic factors.

Results: The study found significant associations between pre-test anxiety scores and several sociodemographic variables. Specifically, revealed that a significant association found between anxiety with demographic variables like education (X2 =20.842) & (p-value-0.0076), monthly income of the family (X2 =11.311) & (p-value-0.0035), and contact with a family member (X2 =16.773) & (p-value-0.0102).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that sociodemographic factors play a crucial role in the anxiety levels of elderly individuals in old age homes. These insights highlight the need for tailored interventions that address the specific needs of different demographic groups to improve mental health outcomes among the elderly.

Wearable and Implantable Devices Bridging Biomechanics and Surgical Technology

Subhasini Shukla — 2025-01-04

Leading examples of combining biomechanics with surgical technology along with wearable and implanted devices, therefore fundamentally changing healthcare paradigms. These gadgets are meant to monitor important medical indicators, deliver medications, and possibly improve physical capabilities via direct contact with human tissues. By integrating biomechanics into these gadgets, one may more easily interact with the natural motions and functions of the body, therefore improving effectiveness and user comfort. Emphasizing their use in surgical environments and chronic illness care, this work investigates the most recent developments in wearable and implanted technologies. Microfabrication and nanotechnology have made these gadgets even more sophisticated, competent of doing complicated jobs like real-time health monitoring, targeted medicine administration, and enhancement of biomechanical processes. The creation of bio-compatible materials plays also greatly lowered the danger of rejection and infection, therefore helping to enable the integration of these devices into the human body. One important emphasis is on these gadgets' part in postoperative rehabilitation and care. Now that wearables and implants can provide continuous patient monitoring, hospital stays and readmission rates are much lowered. Personalized medical techniques also depend on them as they allow therapies to be adjusted depending on real-time data thus maximizing patient results. Future possibilities are bright as continuous research targeted at improving the connection of these devices for flawless data flow between patients and healthcare professionals promises. Still difficult, however, are questions of data security, privacy, and long-term device sustainability. The more wearable and implantable devices are adopted and useful in medical practice, these obstacles must be addressed if they are to be used broadly.

Congenital immature orbital teratoma with sarcomatous transformation presenting as exophthalmos: A case report

Gregório Andreassa Soares — 2025-01-04

Background: Congenital immature orbital teratomas are rare neoplasms, with intraorbital cases presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Case Presentation: This report presents a patient who has exhibited rapid-growing right exophthalmos since birth. Imaging studies revealed a progressively expanding lesion in the right orbital cavity and optic nerve. Following partial resection and subsequent orbital exenteration, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of immature teratoma with sarcomatous transformation. The patient underwent chemotherapy and remains under surveillance with no signs of disease recurrence.
Conclusion: This case highlights the complexities associated with diagnosing and treating rare orbital teratomas, contributing valuably to the existing literature.