Bidirectional Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontitis: A Comparative Study on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Glycemic Control Post-Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy
Keywords:
Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy, Glycemic Control, IL-6, CRP, HbA1cAbstract
Background: Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are chronic inflammatory diseases that exhibit a bidirectional relationship, with each condition exacerbating the other. This study evaluates the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on systemic inflammation and glycemic control in patients with T2DM and chronic periodontitis.
Objective: To compare the changes in inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP) and glycemic control (HbA1c) in T2DM patients and non-diabetic controls after NSPT.
Methods: A 3-month prospective cohort study was conducted on 60 patients divided into two groups: Group A (n=30) with T2DM and chronic periodontitis, and Group B (n=30) with chronic periodontitis only. Clinical periodontal parameters (PPD, CAL, BOP), serum inflammatory biomarkers, and HbA1c levels were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after NSPT.
Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). Group A exhibited a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c (from 8.1% to 7.4%, p < 0.01), and inflammatory biomarkers decreased markedly in both groups. The magnitude of reduction in IL-6 and CRP was more pronounced in Group A.
Conclusion: NSPT improves both periodontal health and systemic inflammation. In T2DM patients, these improvements are accompanied by enhanced glycemic control, underscoring the importance of periodontal care in systemic disease management.
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