Nanoformulated Phytochemicals for Enhancing Antifungal Therapy Against Systemic Mycoses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2256Keywords:
Nanoformulation, phytochemicals, antifungal therapy, systemic mycoses, drug resistance, bioavailability, drug deliveryAbstract
Introduction and Background: Systemic mycoses are a kind of fungal infection that can be fatal, especially for people with weakened immune systems. Problems with solubility, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance are some of the limitations of traditional antifungal medicines. Pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans have been found to be susceptible to the powerful antifungal effects of phytochemicals such as curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, eugenol, and berberine. This study delves into the potential of nanoformulated phytochemicals as an innovative approach to improve systemic mycoses antifungal treatment.
Materials and Methods: To examine different nanoformulation methods for administering phytochemicals with antifungal properties, a literature study of recent publications was undertaken. This research looked at the zeta potential, drug release kinetics, entrapment efficiency, and chemical make-up of nanoparticles. Research on the effectiveness of nanoformulated phytochemicals as antifungals against systemic fungal infections was reviewed, including both in vitro and in vivo investigations. Nanoformulated phytochemicals were also tested for their potential synergistic effects when used with conventional antifungal medications.
Results: When compared to both their free forms and traditional antifungal drugs, the antifungal activity of phytochemicals that were nanoformulated was noticeably higher. There were noticeable improvements in solubility, bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery, which resulted in better therapeutic outcomes. Controlled and prolonged medication release was demonstrated by lipid-based nanoparticles and polymeric nanocarriers, which increased fungal eradication efficiency while decreasing systemic toxicity. Research in living organisms has demonstrated that systemic mycoses models can have a considerable decrease in fungal burden, an extension of circulation time, and an improvement in survival rates. Combining nanoformulated phytochemicals with fluconazole or amphotericin B had synergistic effects, lowering resistance development and MIC values by a factor of 2 to 4.
Conclusion: One new and exciting way to circumvent the drawbacks of traditional antifungal treatment is the nanoformulation of phytochemicals. Nanoformulated phytochemicals such berberine, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, and eugenol provide an alternative to conventional methods of treating systemic mycoses by improving their pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness. To confirm their potential for clinical applications in translation, additional research is needed in both the preclinical and clinical settings.
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