Maternal Serum Leptin Levels in Early Pregnancy as a Predictor of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, Leptin, Predictive biomarker, Early pregnancy, Prenatal screeningAbstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication that affects a wide percentage of pregnant women worldwide. It is crucial to identify predictive markers of GDM such that it can be treated at an early stage and pregnancy outcomes are improved. This study investigated the predictive role of maternal serum leptin level in early pregnancy as an indicator of GDM.
Methods: It was a prospective observational study in 100 antenatal women with singleton pregnancy at 11-13 weeks gestation. Maternal serum leptin was assayed after an overnight fast, and the women were subsequently screened for GDM using the DIPSI test at 24-28 weeks gestation. Statistical analysis, including ROC curve analysis, was performed to assess the predictive potential of leptin for GDM.
Results: The study included 100 antenatal women, with a mean age of 21.45 years and a mean BMI of 23.26 kg/m². At a gestational age of 12.08 weeks, the mean pre-leptin level was 6.4 ng/mL. GDM developed in 17% of participants, with a leptin threshold of 7.1 ng/mL showing high predictive power (AUC = 0.847). The sensitivity and specificity were 70.59% and 75.90%, respectively, with a PPV of 37.50% and NPV of 92.65%. The overall test accuracy was 75.00%.
Conclusion: Maternal serum leptin levels during early pregnancy are consistent predictors of GDM. The incorporation of leptin tests into routine prenatal screening can enhance the early detection and management of GDM and result in improved maternal and foetal outcomes
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