Development and Characterization of PCL/Nano-Hydroxyapatite/PEG Electrospun Membranes for Improved Guided Bone Tissue Regeneration in Dental Applications
Keywords:
Electrospinning, poly(ε-caprolactone), nano-hydroxyapatite, polyethylene glycol, guided bone tissue regeneration, dental implants, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, wettability, cell viabilityAbstract
Background: Dental implantology relies on the presence of healthy bone tissue at the implant site. Guided bone tissue regeneration (GBTR) techniques enhance bone volume and quality, crucial for implant stability. Electrospun membranes, with their high surface area and porosity, are promising for GBTR due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. Aim: This study investigates the preparation and characterization of electrospun membranes composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for guided bone tissue regeneration in dentistry.
Methodology: PCL pellets were dissolved in chloroform with PEG to enhance electrospinnability. Nano-HAp particles were dispersed in the PCL solution. Electrospinning was employed to fabricate nanofibrous membranes. Characterization included SEM, FTIR, mechanical testing, wettability tests, and cell viability analysis using MG-63 cells through confocal microscopy.
Results: SEM confirmed the formation of nanofibrous structures with porous surfaces. FTIR validated the incorporation of nano-HAp. The experiment group showed higher mean tensile strength (4.70 MPa) and strain (12.68%) than the control (3.64 MPa and 10.22%). The experiment group exhibited a lower water contact angle (63.40°) compared to the control (90.00°). Confocal microscopy indicated superior cell attachment and proliferation on the experiment scaffolds. Discussion: The study demonstrated that electrospun membranes with PEG and nano-HAp significantly enhance mechanical properties, wettability, and biocompatibility compared to PCL-only membranes. The improved tensile strength, strain, and lower contact angle suggest better material integrity and hydrophilicity, essential for promoting cell adhesion and bone regeneration. Superior cell attachment and proliferation observed in the experiment group indicate that these membranes are more effective in supporting bone tissue regeneration.
Conclusion: PCL + PEG + nano-HAp membranes demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties, wettability, and biocompatibility, making them suitable for guided bone tissue regeneration in dentistry.
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