Current Scenario and Various Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Infections – A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2859Keywords:
multidrug resistance, antibiotic resistance, infections, antimicrobial stewardshipAbstract
The threat posed by antibiotic resistance to public health is critical, particularly with regard to children. Data from the World Health Organisation indicates that infections with bacteria resistant to several drugs result in 700000 fatalities annually, of which 200000 are infant mortality. There are several facets to this growing problem that are unique to children. For example, the dearth of pediatric-specific data and studies contributes to the harmful overuse and abuse of antibiotics (for incorrect diagnosis and indications, or at improper dose). Due to the constantly changing nature of this age group, there is an additional problem: the population's biochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetic profiles are rather diverse, making it difficult to codify in an age or weight dependent dosage due to the partially age dependent changes of a developing system of cytochromes. The paediatric population is particularly negatively impacted by congenital deformities that frequently necessitate recurrent hospital stays as well as medical and surgical interventions starting at a very early age, as well as the contraindications of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. MRSA, VRSA, ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and the concerning colistin resistance are emerging risks for paediatric patients. Reversing the trend of uncomplicated illnesses leading to baby deaths in the very likely post-antibiotic era will need immediate intervention.
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