Effectiveness of Customary Legal Policy in Handling Rabies in Bali (Case Study in Sega Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali

Authors

  • Ida Bagus Sudarma Putra
  • I Made Adi Widnyana
  • Ida Ayu Sri Kusuma Wardhani
  • Ni Ketut Kantriani

Keywords:

Customary Law, Rabies Management, Public Health, Sega Village, Pararem, Traditional Village, Effectiveness

Abstract

The spread of the rabies virus in Bali in the last three years is quite worrying, this is shown by the high number of rabies cases in Bali which are indicated to be caused by transmission from pets as vectors, such as dogs. The life of the Balinese people who free dogs as pets is indeed a supporting factor in the rapid spread of the rabies virus, for this reason it is necessary to implement legal policies that are able to control and deal with the danger of rabies in Bali. The existence of the existing law is felt to be not effective enough to reduce the rate of spread of rabies in Bali, so that concrete steps are needed to accelerate the handling of the people in Bali in a product of customary law which is indeed highly respected and obeyed by the people in Bali, most of whom live in unity. indigenous peoples. The purpose of this study was to look at the arrangements for dealing with the danger of rabies in customary law products, one of which was investigated in Sega Traditional Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali and to see how effective the implementation of this customary law was in handling the danger of rabies. The results showed that the management of rabies in Sega Traditional Village as a research location in Bali was formulated in customary law in the form of pararem, which explicitly obliges indigenous peoples to cage and report their pets to traditional village officials. The existence of this customary law in Sega Traditional Village was able to reduce the number of cases of rabies that occurred, so it was considered effective to be implemented in other villages in Bali

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adhari, A., Widyawati, A., Windia, I. W. P., Hutabarat, R. R., & Tania, N. (2021). Customary Delict of Penglipuran Bali in the perspective of the Principle of Legality: A dilemma and arrangements for the future. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 6(2), 411–436. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i2.50555

Antaguna, N. G., & Budiartha, I. N. P. (2023). Development of Balinese customary law in the perspective of local wisdom Tri Hita Karana. Sociological Jurisprudence Journal, 6(2), 144–149.

Ataupah, Y. (2008). Hukum adat dan kearifan lokal di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kupang: Nusa Bunga Press.

Bali Express. (2022). Rabies cases in Karangasem rank third highest in Bali. Baliexpress (jawapos.com).

Davies, P. (2020). Introduction to Company Law. In Oxford University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854913.001.0001

Dodet, B. (2007). Advocating rabies control in Asia. Vaccine, 25(21), 4123–4124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.03.002

Fauzia, A., Hamdani, F., & Octavia, D. (2021). The revitalization of the Indonesian legal system in the order of realizing the ideal state law. Progressive Law Review, 3(1), 12–25.

Febrianty, Y., Ghapa, H., & Ahmad, A. (2024). Integration of Customary law in the National Legal System Comparative Study of Malaysia and Indonesia. SASI, 30(4), 379. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v30i4.2303

Fooks, A. R., & Jackson, A. C. (2020). Rabies: Scientific Basis of the Disease and Its Management. Academic Press.

Friedman, L. M. (1975). The legal system: A social science perspective. England: Russell Sage Foundation.

Friedman, L. M. (1977). The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective. Russell Sage Foundation.

Friedman, L. M., & Scheiber, H. N. (1996). Legal Culture And The Legal Profession. Westview Press.

Halim, M. ‘.A., & Amni, S. Z. (2023). Legal system in the perspectives of H.L.A Hart and Lawrence M. Friedman. Peradaban Journal of Law and Society, 2(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.59001/pjls.v2i1.83

Hampson, K., De Balogh, K., & Mcgrane, J. (2019). Lessons for rabies control and elimination programmes: a decade of One Health experience from Bali, Indonesia. Revue Scientifique Et Technique De L OIE, 38(1), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2954

Hamzah, M., Putra, M. H., & Zulkarnain. (2020). Customary law impact in the development of Indonesia’s criminal code. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(03), 233-236. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.03.43

Hinz, M. O. (2022). Customary law and the environment. In Environmental law and policy in Namibia (pp. 609–642). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG.

Joesoef, I. E. (2020). The idea of customary law community representation in the regional representative council. Unnes Law Journal, 6(1), 119–142.

Kristanto, K., Dekapolis, C. D., & Pandowo, I. (2023). Customary law as part of the reform legal system in Indonesia. Focus Journal Law Review, 3(2), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.62795/fjl.v3i2.227

Lestawi, I. N., & Bunga, D. (2020). The role of customary law in the forest preservation in Bali. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 13(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/0.2478/jlecol-2020-0002

Mohmmed, Y. A. T., & Alkhtabi, A. R. A. (2022). Social justice and its impact on achieving community peace: A study in the framework of international public law. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(2), 5963–5973.

Nampewo, Z., Mike, J. H., & Wolff, J. (2022). Respecting, protecting and fulfilling the human right to health. International Journal for Equity in Health, 21(1), 36.

Nel, L. H., & Rupprecht, C. E. (Eds.). (2007). Rabies: Current trends and new challenges. Nova Science Publishers.

Ningsih, D. M. R., Warka, M., Suhartono, S., & Yudianto, O. (2021). The existence of Awig – Awig Bali traditional village regarding legality principles in national criminal law. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 21(1), 520–526. Retrieved from https://techniumscience.com/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/3932

Paradissa, L. V., & Pratama, R. A. N. (2024). Pendekatan legal pluralism dalam upaya penanggulangan rabies di Bali. 2(1), 13–18.

Pino, G. (2021). Sources of law. In Oxford studies in philosophy of law (p. 234). Oxford University Press.

Pomalingo, S., & Nusi, A. (2024). The role of customary law in the formation of social identity of Gorontalo society: An anthropological approach. Nusantara Journal of Law and Humanity, 1(1), 20-27.

Pribudi, A., Pravita, V. D., & Supardal, S. (2023). Cultural Village Management Model to enhance cultural tourism in the special region of Yogyakarta. International Journal of Social Service and Research, 3(5), 1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i5.376

Putra, I. K. A. S., & Darmayanthi, E. (2023). The harmonization between humans and animals particularly the Balinese dog race in Bali. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 1(3), 301–314.

Putri, L. K. (2023). Tertinggi sepanjang sejarah, Bali catat 690 kasus rabies. Detikbali. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.detik.com/bali/berita/d-6524104/tertinggi-sepanjang-sejarah-bali-catat-690-kasus-rabies-di-2022

Rahardjo, S. (2010). Law in a world of order. Kompas Book Publisher.

Rahayu, D. P., Faisal, F., Sari, R., & Satrio, N. (2020). Law enforcement in the context of legal culture in society. LAW REFORM, 16(2), 276–289. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v16i2.33780

Rehman, S., Rantam, F. A., Rehman, A., Effendi, M. H., & Shehzad, A. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward rabies in three provinces of Indonesia. Veterinary World, 2518–2526. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2518-2526

Sandarupa, S. (2017). Ritual and regulation: The role of adat in rabies prevention in South Sulawesi. Journal of Indigenous Studies, 5(1), 123–137.

Setiawan, K. H. (2018). Human behaviour in keeping dogs and its relationship to rabies. International Research Journal of Management IT and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v5n6.290

Siboro, R. L., Putri, F. M., Azzahra Sani, A. S., Muham, A. P., Siahaan, P. G., & Lumban Batu, D. P. (2023). Protection of dog bite victims due to pet owner negligence in the perspective of criminal law. Information Media Semarang Regency Research, 5(2), 134–143.

Suamba, K., & Ardika, I. W. (2018). Peran desa adat dalam pengendalian rabies di Bali. Jurnal Kearifan Lokal, 10(1), 45–60.

Sudiatmaka, K., & Hadi, I. G. A. A. (2021). Regulation model for traditional village to entering new normal society in Umeanyar village, Seririt district, Buleleng Regency.

Sudiatmaka, K., & Hadi, I. G. a. A. (2021). Regulation Model for Traditional Village to Entering New Normal Society in Umeanyar Village, Seririt District, Buleleng Regency. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, and Education, ICLSSE 2021, 09 September 2021, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-9-2021.2313676

Sukadana, I. K., Suryani, L. P., Ujianti, N. M. P., Jika, I. K., Utami, K. A. S. D., & Apsari, N. P. P. (2023). The urgency of writing Awig's Pararem in increasing community legal awareness in traditional village Pelem Gede, Tabanan. Community Service Journal of Law, 2(2), 66-71. https://doi.org/10.1234/csj.2023.23456

Sulistyarini, R., Budiono, A. R., Winarno, B., & Koeswahyono, I. (2018). The contact point of Customary Law and Islamic Law (Legal History Perspective). International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 5(2), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v5i2.19672

Suryawati, N., & Syaputri, M. D. (2021). Harmonization of the application of customary law and positive law in village communities of Malang Regency. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management, 6(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v6i2.993

Suwitra, I. M. S., Sudiarta, I. K., Suryawan, I. N., Imaniar, D., & Hentika, N. P. (2023). The Existence of Customary Land and its Utilization Pattern for Tourism Business. Randwick International of Social Science Journal, 4(2), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v4i2.644

Suwitra, I. M., Astara, I. W., Wijaya, I. K., & Arthanaya, I. W. (2021). Strengthening Balinese Customary Laws through Awig-Awig Writing in Pekutatan Negara Traditional Village. Proceedings of the First International Seminar Social Science, Humanities and Education, ISSHE 2020, 25 November 2020, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-11-2020.2306661

Tan, Y. (2018). The identification of customary rules in international criminal law. Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, 34(2), 92–110. https://doi.org/10.5334/ujiel.434

Tobin, B. M. (2013). Bridging the Nagoya compliance gap: The fundamental role of customary law in protection of Indigenous peoples’ resource and knowledge rights. Law, Environment and Development Journal. https://doaj.org/article/28f72964f5084d329377d576dca61f90

Triwulan, T., & Febrian, S. (2010). Legal protection for patients. Prestasi Pustaka.

Wedanti, I. G. A. J. M., Ulio, U., & Sugita, I. M. (2024). Inheritance in Balinese Customary Law: Dynamics and its linkage with Hindu law. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 5(01), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i1.860

Wibowo, B., Luthfi, B. A., & Lutfi, A. (2016). Analysis of customary institutions’ position and roles in business permission bureaucracy: Case of Bali. MIMBAR Jurnal Sosial Dan Pembangunan, 32(2), 382. https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v32i2.1843

Widnyana, N. I. M. A., Putra, N. I. B. S., Kantriani, N. N. K., Putra, N. I. M. S., & Siwananda, N. Y. (2024). Kebijakan Hukum Adat Pararem Pangele Dalam Melindungi Masyarakat Desa Adat Sega Karangasem dari Bahaya Rabies. KERTHA WICAKSANA, 18(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.22225/kw.18.1.2024.30-36

Widyastuti, M. D. W., Bardosh, K. L., Sunandar, Basri, C., Basuno, E., Jatikusumah, A., Arief, R. A., Putra, A. a. G., Rukmantara, A., Estoepangestie, A. T. S., Willyanto, I., Natakesuma, I. K. G., Sumantra, I. P., Grace, D., Unger, F., & Gilbert, J. (2015). On Dogs, People, and a Rabies Epidemic: Results From a Sociocultural Study in Bali, Indonesia. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0061-1

Wijaya, I. K. S., & Kurniawan, I. G. A. (2023). The Lawrence Friedman's construction of the legal system regarding essential equality regulations in trademark rights. Jurnal of Law and Legal Studies, 7(2), 251-267. https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/SKLJ/article/view/38266

Wilde, H., Hemachudha, T., Jackson, A. C., & Warrell, M. J. (2013). Rabies and its prevention: A comprehensive guide. Springer.

Wisarja, I. K., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2023). Tracking the factors causing harmonious Hindu-Islamic relations in Bali. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2259470

World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Rabies: A neglected zoonotic disease. World Health Organization Press.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Rabies fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.who.int

Yulianingsih, W., Indawati, Y., & Kartika, A. W. (2021). “Awig-Awig as Traditional law written in Traditional Law perspective in Indonesia.” Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2021.0929

Yuliartini, N. P. R., Mangku, D. G. S., & Adnyani, N. K. S. (2021). RECOGNITION OF SOCIETY RIGHTS IN TRADITION SPECIALLY IN TOURISM REGULATION BASED ON ARTICLE 18B PARAGRAPH (2) OF THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA. Journal Equity of Law and Governance, 1(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.55637/elg.1.1.3242.25-36

Downloads

Published

2025-06-16

How to Cite

1.
Sudarma Putra IB, Widnyana IMA, Kusuma Wardhani IAS, Kantriani NK. Effectiveness of Customary Legal Policy in Handling Rabies in Bali (Case Study in Sega Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Jun.16 [cited 2025Jul.20];14(32S):524-3. Available from: https://jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/7406

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 32S (2025): Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Section

Original Article

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.