Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Toddlers and Its Association with Dietary Practices
Keywords:
Iron deficiency anemia, toddlers, dietary practices, breastfeeding, dietary diversity, socioeconomic factors, anemiaAbstract
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a leading nutritional concern in early childhood, particularly affecting toddlers in low- and middle-income countries. During the rapid growth phase between 12 to 36 months, inadequate dietary intake, poor feeding practices, and socioeconomic factors contribute significantly to anemia risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IDA among toddlers and evaluate its association with dietary and socioeconomic variables.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Meenakshi Medical College and Hospital, Kancheepuram, from January to September 2024. A total of 150 toddlers aged 12–36 months were included using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through structured interviews with caregivers regarding feeding practices, dietary diversity, and socioeconomic background. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured to diagnose IDA according to WHO guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was found to be 26%. Toddlers aged 24–36 months (32.5%) and females (29.7%) showed significantly higher prevalence. Breastfeeding for more than 6 months was associated with a lower rate of IDA (18.6%) compared to shorter or non-exclusive breastfeeding (32.7%) (p = 0.001). Similarly, high dietary diversity correlated with reduced anemia prevalence (12.5%) compared to low diversity (37.5%) (p = 0.02). Socioeconomic factors also played a significant role; toddlers from low-income families and those with parents having lower educational levels were more likely to be anemic. Additionally, lack of iron supplementation, low birth weight, maternal anemia, and limited access to healthcare were significant predictors.
Conclusion: IDA continues to be a moderate public health issue among toddlers. The study emphasizes the importance of prolonged breastfeeding, diverse diet, and socioeconomic support in preventing anemia during early childhood. Strategies that integrate nutrition education, supplementation, and early screening are essential to reduce the burden of anemia and promote healthy growth in this vulnerable population.
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