The Role Of Organizational Commitment And Psychological Safety In Mediating The Effect Of Inclusive Leadership On Work Engagement Of Government Employees Of Konawe Kepulauan Regency
Abstract
This study aims to test and analyze inclusive leadership on organizational commitment, psychological safety, and work engagement, as well as to test the role of organizational commitment, psychological safety, in mediating the influence of inclusive leadership on work engagement. This study was conducted on employees of the Konawe Islands Regency Government. The population of this study was all employees of the Konawe Islands Regency Government consisting of echelon II, III, and echelon IV totaling 273. Sampling used the Slovin formula at a precision level of 5 percent, resulting in a sample size of 163 people. Data collection used in this study used a questionnaire. Furthermore, data analysis in this study consists of descriptive analysis and statistical analysis of Partial Least Squares PLS with SmartPLS Version 4. The results of this study indicate that inclusive leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, psychological safety, and employee work engagement, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee work engagement, psychological safety has a positive and significant effect on employee work engagement, organizational commitment plays a role in mediating the effect of inclusive leadership on employee work engagement with partial mediation properties, and psychological safety plays a role in mediating the effect of inclusive leadership on employee work engagement with partial mediation properties.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Ahmad, N., Ullah, Z., AlDhaen, E., Han, H., & Scholz, M. (2022). A CSR perspective to foster employee creativity in the banking sector: The role of work engagement and psychological safety. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 67, 102968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.102968
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Aslan, H., Mert, I. S., & Sen, C. (2021). The effect of inclusive leadership on the work engagement: an empirical study from Turkey. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(11), 169-178. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no11.0169
Bannay, D. F., Hadi, M. J., & Amanah, A. A. (2020). The impact of inclusive leadership behaviors on innovative workplace behavior with an emphasis on the mediating role of work engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(3), 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.39
Bao, P., Xiao, Z., Bao, G. and Noorderhaven, N. (2022), "Inclusive leadership and employee work engagement: a moderated mediation model", Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 124-139. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-06-2021-0219
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Transaction Publishers.
Bortini, P., Paci, A., Rise, A., & Rojnik, I. (2016). Inclusive leadership Theoretical framework. Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union
Cao, Y., Liu, J., Liu, K., Yang, M., & Liu, Y. (2019). The mediating role of organizational commitment between calling and work engagement of nurses: A cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing sciences, 6(3), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.05.004
Carmeli, A., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Ziv, E. (2010). Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in creative tasks in the workplace: The mediating role of psychological safety. Creativity Research Journal, 22(3), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2010.504654
Chen, L., Luo, F., Zhu, X., Huang, X., & Liu, Y. (2020). Inclusive leadership promotes challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behavior through the mediation of work engagement and moderation of organizational innovative atmosphere. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 560594. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560594
Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Park, B. I. (2015). Inclusive leadership and work engagement: Mediating roles of affective organizational commitment and creativity. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 43(6), 931-943. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.6.931
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x
Clark, T. R. (2020). The 4 Stages of Psychological Safety. In Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc (Vol. 1, Issue 69).
Delobbe, N., & Vandenberghe, C. (2000). A four-dimensional model of organizational commitment among Belgian employees. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 125. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2000-08576-005
Deng, H., Leung, K., Lam, C. K., & Huang, X. (2019). Slacking off in comfort: a dual-pathway model for psychological safety climate. Journal of Management, 45(3), 1114-1144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317693083
Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychosocial safety climate as a precursor to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and employee engagement. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 83(3), 579-599. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X470690
Dramanu, B. Y. (2020). Psychological safety and work engagement of senior high school teachers: Moderating role of psychological flexibility. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(3), 17-35. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=907765
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
Frazier, M. L., Fainshmidt, S., Klinger, R. L., Pezeshkan, A., & Vracheva, V. (2017). Psychological safety: A meta‐analytic review and extension. Personnel psychology, 70(1), 113-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12183
Fu, Q., Cherian, J., Ahmad, N., Scholz, 3M., Samad, S., & Comite, U. (2022). An inclusive leadership framework to foster employee creativity in the healthcare sector: the role of psychological safety and polychronicity. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(8), 4519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084519
Ge, Y. (2020). Psychological safety, employee voice, and work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 48(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8907
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., Donnelly, J. H., & Konopaske, R. (2012). Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Gil, A.J., Mosegui, G., Zenezi Moreira, R. and Eguizabal, M.J. (2023), "The mediating effect of job satisfaction between inclusive leadership and commitment to change: evidence from Brazil and Spain", European Journal of Management and Business Economics, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-09-2022-0288
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(2), 268. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.268
Heyns, M. M., McCallaghan, S., & Senne, O. W. (2021). Supervisor support and work engagement: The mediating role of psychological safety in a post-restructuring business organisation. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 31(2), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2021.1903180
Hollander, E. P. (2009). Inclusive Leadership: The Essential Leader-Follower Relationship. New York: Routledge.
Hunt, D. F., Bailey, J., Lennox, B. R., Crofts, M., & Vincent, C. (2021). Enhancing psychological safety in mental health services. International journal of mental health systems, 15(1), 1-18.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
Khairy, H. A., Liu, S., Sheikhelsouk, S., EI-Sherbeeny, A. M., Alsetoohy, O., & Al-Romeedy, B. S. (2023). The Effect of benevolent leadership on job engagement through psychological safety and workplace friendship prevalence in the tourism and hospitality industry. Sustainability, 15(17), 13245. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713245
Lee, S. E., & Dahinten, V. S. (2021). Psychological safety as a mediator of the relationship between inclusive leadership and nurse voice behaviors and error reporting. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 53(6), 737-745. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12689
Liu, K., & Ge, Y. (2020). How psychological safety influences employee creativity in China: Work engagement as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 48(8), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9211
Ly, B. (2024). Inclusion leadership and employee work engagement: The role of organizational commitment in Cambodian public organization. Asia Pacific Management Review, 29(1), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.06.003
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
Mat, N., Jansriboot, P., & Mat, N. (2019). Big five personality, transformational leadership, psychological safety, and employee engagement of private sector employees in Southern Thailand. Jurnal Pengurusan, 56, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2019-56-02
McShane, S. L., & Glinow, M. A. V. (2010). Organizational behavior: Emerging knowledge and practice for the real world. McGraw-Hill.
Mowday, Steers, R., dan Porter, L.W. 1983. Motivation and Work Behavior, New York: Academic Press
Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(7), 941-966. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.413
Pearsall, M. J., & Ellis, A. P. (2011). Thick as thieves: the effects of ethical orientation and psychological safety on unethical team behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(2), 401. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2010-25582-001
Quick, James Campbell, dan Debra L. Nelson (2009). Principles of Organizational Behavior: Realities and Challenges. USA: South-Western Cengange Learning
Randel, A. E., Galvin, B. M., Shore, L. M., Ehrhart, K. H., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., & Kedharnath, U. (2018). Inclusive leadership: Realizing positive outcomes through belongingness and being valued for uniqueness. Human resource management review, 28(2), 190-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.07.002
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of management journal, 53(3), 617-635. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.51468988
Roberson, Q., & Perry, J. L. (2022). Inclusive leadership in thought and action: A thematic analysis. Group & Organization Management, 47(4), 755-778. https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011211013161
Rodriguez, J. L. (2018). Inclusive leadership and employee engagement: the moderating effect of psychological diversity climate.
Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). “What is engagement?,” in Employee Engagement in Theory and Practice, eds C. Truss, K. Alfes, R. Delbridge, A. Shantz, and E. Soane (London: Routledge).
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, 12(2010), 10-24.
Schein, E. H., & Bennis, W. G. (1965). Personal and Organizational Change Through Group Methods: The Laboratory Approach. New York: Wiley.
Sezen-Gultekin, G., Bayrakcı, M., & Limon, I. (2021). The mediating role of organizational commitment on the relationship between emotional labor and work engagement of teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 648404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648404
Siyal, S. (2023). Inclusive leadership and work engagement: Exploring the role of psychological safety and trust in leader in multiple organizational context. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 32(4), 1170-1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12556
Sprouse, M. (2021). Inclusive Leadership and Work Engagement: Mediating Roles of Organizational Commitment and Creativity (Doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University).
Vakira, E., Shereni, N.C., Ncube, C.M. and Ndlovu, N. (2023), "The effect of inclusive leadership on employee engagement, mediated by psychological safety in the hospitality industry", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 819-834. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2021-0261
Van Buskirk, M. L. (2020). Inclusive leadership, psychological empowerment, and affective organizational commitment: a mediated model. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.c8u5-2wxq
Wahab, W., & Khan Bangash, K. (2021). Inclusive leadership with relation to employee engagement: Mediating role of psychological empowerment. Kardan J. Econ. Manang. Sci, 4, 1-215. 10.31841/KJEMS.2021.102. https://kardan.edu.af/Research/CurrentIssue
Wang, F., & Shi, W. (2021). Inclusive leadership and pro-social rule breaking: the role of psychological safety, leadership identification and leader-member exchange. Psychological Reports, 124(5), 2155-2179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120953558
Wowor, J. V., & Dewi, Y. E. P. (2022). The Influence of Psychological Safety towards Employee Engagement Using Organizational Support as Intervening Variable. AMAR (Andalas Management Review), 6(2), 32-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/amar.6.2.48-58.2022
Yasin, R., Jan, G., Huseynova, A., & Atif, M. (2023). Inclusive leadership and turnover intention: the role of follower–leader goal congruence and organizational commitment. Management Decision, 61(3), 589-609. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2021-0925
Zurnali, Cut. 2010. Learning Organization, Competency, Organizational Commitment, And Customer Orientation: Knowledge Worker-Kerangka Riset Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Masa Depan. Bandung: Unpad Press
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pahrul, Dedy Takdir. S, Nursaban Rommy Suleman, Laode Asfahyadin Aliddin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
