Comparative Analysis of Urban Metro Systems Across Major Global Cities

Abstract

This paper offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of urban metro systems across major global cities, including Pune, Delhi, Lucknow, Kolkata, Chennai, London, Singapore, Dubai, Seoul, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, and Zurich. We aim to identify best practices, commonchallenges, and innovative solutions in urban rail transit. The study evaluates these systems using a multi-criteria framework that encompasses operational efficiency (e.g., punctuality, headway, capacity utilization), economic viability (e.g., farebox recovery, investment costs), environmental impact (e.g., energy consumption, emissions), social equity (e.g., accessibility, affordability, network coverage), and technological advancement (e.g., automation, smart ticketing).

Drawing data from diverse sources like official reports and academic literature, the research systematically compares system design, funding models, regulatory frameworks, and operational strategies. The findings reveal significant variations influencing overall performance and sustainability. By examining key parameters such as network length, daily ridership, and population served, the study provides insights for city planners and policymakers seeking to improve public transport efficiency and user satisfaction amidst urbanization and climate challenges. Ultimately, this research offers practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of metro systems in an increasingly urbanized world.

The findings underscore how governance, investment, and innovation shape system performance and user satisfaction. By identifying best practices and common challenges, this paper offers actionable recommendations for city planners, policymakers, and transit authorities aiming to enhance public transport effectiveness and sustainability amid increasing urbanization and climate concerns.