A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Corticosteroids for Reducing Postoperative Morbidity in Oral Surgery

Abstract

Background: Postoperative morbidity following major and or minor oral and maxillofacial surgeries, including pain, swelling, and trismus, significantly impacts patient recovery and quality of life. Corticosteroids have been widely studied for their potential to reduce these complications due to their potent anti-inflammatory properties.

Objective: This systematic literature review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in reducing postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing major and or minor oral and maxillofacial surgeries.

Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus was conducted for studies publishedfom January 2000 to May 2025. Studies assessing the use of corticosteroids in oral surgical procedures were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.

Results: The review included randomized controlled trials and clinical studies involving various corticosteroids such as dexamethasone and prednisone. Most studies demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus in patients administered corticosteroids compared to controls. The timing, dosage, and route of administration varied across studies, influencing outcomes. Adverse effects were minimal and transient.

Conclusion: The use of corticosteroids appears to be an effective adjunct in managing postoperative morbidity after major and or minor oral and maxillofacial surgeries, improving patient comfort and recovery. However, heterogeneity in study designs and corticosteroid protocols highlights the need for standardized guidelines. Further large-scale, high-quality trials are recommended to optimize treatment regimens and confirm long-term safety..