Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ankle and Foot Pathologies: A Diagnostic Overview of Trauma and Non-Trauma Cases
Keywords:
Ankle injuries, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ligamentous injuries, Tendon pathologies, Foot and ankle pathologiesAbstract
Background: Ankle injuries, particularly sprains and fractures, are common, with young athletes being more susceptible. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is pivotal in diagnosing ankle pathologies due to its non-invasiveness, excellent soft tissue contrast, and multiplanar capabilities. This study aims to explore the imaging spectrum of ankle and heel pain through MRI, focusing on osseous, ligamentous, and tendinous derangements in both traumatic and non-traumatic cases. Objectives: The primary objectives include assessing the prevalence and distribution of ankle pathologies, categorizing traumatic and non-traumatic cases, and identifying specific tendon and ligament injuries using MRI. Additionally, the study aims to correlate MRI findings with patient demographics and clinical history.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from October 2017 to September 2019. Fifty patients with ankle pain, swelling, or movement restrictions were included. A 1.5 T Siemens Magnetom Essenza with Tim and dot system was used for MRI examinations. Data was collected through a proforma, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.
Results: The study comprised 32 males and 18 females, with the most affected age groups being 41-50 years for males and 31-40 years for females. Chronic injuries were more common than acute ones, with non-traumatic causes accounting for 56% of pathologies. Anterior talofibular ligament injuries were most prevalent, followed by calcaneofibular ligament injuries. Tendon injuries frequently involved the Achilles tendon. Inflammatory arthritis, osteomyelitis, and ganglion cysts were prominent non-traumatic pathologies.
Conclusion: MRI emerges as a valuable tool in diagnosing ankle and foot pathologies, offering detailed insights into ligament, tendon, and osseous abnormalities. The study underscores the importance of MRI in both traumatic and non-traumatic cases, facilitating accurate diagnoses for appropriate therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation
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