Design and Evaluation of Cisplatin-Loaded Nanoparticle Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Enhancing Efficacy and Reducing Toxicity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.3884Keywords:
Cisplatin, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery, Targeted Chemotherapy, Tumor Targeting, Controlled Drug Release, Cancer TherapyAbstract
Cisplatin has been a cornerstone of chemotherapy for decades; however, its clinical application is significantly limited by severe systemic toxicities, poor tumor selectivity, and drug resistance. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a promising approach to enhance cisplatin’s therapeutic efficacy while minimizing its adverse effects. This study focuses on the design, formulation, and evaluation of cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles to improve drug bioavailability, tumor targeting, and controlled release. Various nanoparticle formulations, including liposomal, polymeric, and inorganic carriers, were synthesized and characterized for particle size, surface charge, drug encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics under physiological and tumor-mimicking conditions. In vitro studies using A549, MCF-7, and HeLa cancer cell lines demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake, increased apoptosis rates, and superior cytotoxicity compared to free cisplatin. In vivo pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies in tumor-bearing mice revealed prolonged drug circulation, higher tumor accumulation, and greater tumor growth inhibition with reduced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Histological analysis confirmed increased apoptosis in tumors with minimal damage to healthy tissues, highlighting the improved therapeutic index of nanoparticle-mediated delivery. Despite the advantages, challenges in scalability, clinical translation, and regulatory approval remain critical hurdles for future applications. This study underscores the potential of nanotechnology-based cisplatin formulations in revolutionizing chemotherapy by offering a safer, more effective, and targeted cancer treatment strategy. Future research should focus on optimizing biodegradable nanocarriers, integrating combination therapies, and conducting large-scale clinical trials to translate these findings into clinical oncology practice.
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