Creation and Improvement of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Methods for Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2078Keywords:
Nanoparticles, blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, neurological disorders, pharmacokinetics, cellular uptakeAbstract
Introduction: The blood-brain barrier is one of the main challenges to deliver therapeutic compounds into the brain. Conventional pharmaceutical delivery methods' limited permeability across the blood-brain barrier causes their ineffectiveness in treating neurological diseases. The aim of this work is to build and maximize a nanoparticulate system able to efficiently pass the blood-brain barrier using statistical design approaches, hence improving medication bioavailability and therapeutic effects.
Materials and Methods: We investigated in vitro release kinetics, drug loading efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential of a nanoparticle-based drug delivery system produced by solvent evaporation. Using response surface methods with a central composite design helped to optimize important formulation parameters including surfactant concentration, polymer concentration, and stirring speed. In vitro BBB permeability of the new formulation was further evaluated using an artificial membrane model and brain endothelial cell absorption experiments. Pharmokinetic studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo in animal models helped to assess drug movement across the BBB.
Results: The optimum nanoparticles revealed a mean particle size of 120 ± 10 nm, a zeta potential of -25 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 85 ± 3%. In vitro drug release studies found a 70% total release over 24 hours. Comparatively to the free drug, the permeability studies revealed that the medication was transferred much more effectively across the BBB model. In cellular absorption studies, researchers discovered that brain endothelial cells absorbed nanoparticles with efficiency. Studies of in vivo pharmacokinetics revealed that the concentration of the medication in the brain rose by 3.5 times, suggesting that the nanoparticle technique might enhance central nervous system drug distribution.
Conclusion: By increasing medicine permeability across the blood-brain barrier, the created nanoparticulate drug delivery technique demonstrated considerable potential for the therapy of neurological illnesses. Results of optimization using RSM were improved nanoparticle stability and drug bioavailability. Confirming the viability of nanoparticles as a means of focused drug delivery to the central nervous system requires more study in clinical environments.
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