Prevalence, Interpretation and Management of Diabetic Lower Limb Amputation in A Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Diabetic foot ulcers are a common and serious complication of diabetes, leading to significant morbidity and, in severe cases, amputation. These ulcers often result from prolonged hyperglycaemia, poor vascular supply, and neuropathy, necessitating prompt and effective management to prevent adverse outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, predictors, and management of diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods: This prospective hospital-based study was conducted over a two-year period at Vinayaga missions kirupananda variyar medical college,Salem. Patients aged 40-80 with diabetic foot ulcers were included, provided they did not have traumatic, vasculitic, or neoplastic ulcers. After obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance, detailed patient histories were recorded, and relevant investigations including complete blood count, X-rays, fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels, lipid profiles, renal function tests, serum albumin, and pus cultures were performed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and outcomes were assessed in terms of hospital stay duration and recovery speed.

Results: The study included 100 participants, predominantly aged 51-60 years (38%), with a mean age of 56.67 years. The cohort was 55% male and 45% female. Most participants had diabetes for more than 5 years (65%), and the average HbA1c level was 9.8%. Diabetic foot ulcers were present in 28% of patients. Cultured wound samples predominantly showed Staphylococcus (39.28%), followed by Proteus (21.42%).

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant burden of diabetic foot ulcers in the study population, with most cases occurring in older adults with long-standing diabetes. The findings emphasize the importance of early intervention and comprehensive care to improve outcomes and reduce the risk of amputation.