Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials For Drug Delivery: Synthesis, Characterization, And Stimuli-Responsive Performance
Keywords:
Bio-inspired nanomaterial’s, Biomimetic drug delivery, Nature-inspired nan carriers, Stimuli-responsive release, pH- and enzyme-sensitive systems, Targeted drug delivery, Nano medicine, Green synthesis, Biocompatible nanostructuresAbstract
Bio-inspired nanomaterials have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional nan carriers for efficient and targeted drug delivery due to their enhanced biocompatibility and biomimetic functionality. This study investigates the feasibility of bio-inspired nanomaterials for drug delivery by developing biomimetic synthesis strategies, characterizing their physicochemical properties, and evaluating their drug delivery performance in comparison with conventional nanoparticles. Bio-inspired nanomaterial’s were synthesized using nature-derived polymers and self-assembly approaches to mimic biological structures, while conventional nanoparticles were prepared using standard chemical methods. Comprehensive characterization was performed using particle size analysis, zeta potential measurements, and spectroscopic techniques.
The results demonstrate that bio-inspired nanomaterial’s exhibited a significantly smaller average particle size (95 ± 12 nm) and lower polydispersity index (0.18 ± 0.03) compared to conventional nanoparticles (180 ± 25 nm, PDI 0.38 ± 0.05), indicating improved nanoscale uniformity and stability. Enhanced surface charge (−28.6 ± 1.9 mV) further contributed to superior colloidal stability. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies of bio-inspired nanomaterial’s were markedly higher (84.7% and 88.9%, respectively) than those of conventional systems. In vitro release studies revealed controlled and sustained drug release (42.3% at 24 h) under physiological conditions, while stimuli-responsive behaviour enabled accelerated release in acidic and enzyme-rich environments. Biocompatibility assessment confirmed higher cell viability (92.6%) and significantly reduced hemolysis (2.1%), alongside improved cellular uptake (78.9%)...
Downloads
References
[1] Ahmed, S., Rahman, M., & Kim, J. (2023). Bio-inspired nanomaterials for advanced drug delivery applications. Journal of Controlled Release, 354, 45–62.
[2] Alavi, M., Hamidi, M., & Safaei, M. (2023). Biomimetic nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery: Design strategies and challenges. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 13(4), 1121–1140.
[3] Bae, Y. H., & Park, K. (2023). Advanced nanomedicine: Challenges and perspectives. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 198, 114865.
[4] Chen, L., Zhang, H., & Liu, Y. (2023). Green synthesis of bio-inspired nanoparticles for biomedical applications. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 11(9), 3567–3582.
[5] Das, S., Patra, P., & Ghosh, S. (2023). Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for smart drug delivery systems. Materials Science and Engineering C, 148, 113854.
[6] Deng, Y., Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2023). Enzyme-responsive nanocarriers for controlled drug release. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 635, 122706.
[7] Dixit, A., & Shrivastava, S. (2013). Assessment of parameters of water quality analysis of Hanumantal and Robertson Lake at Jabalpur (M.P.). Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 6(8), 752–754.
[8] Fan, W., Yung, B., Huang, P., & Chen, X. (2023). Nanotechnology for multimodal cancer therapy. Chemical Reviews, 123(4), 2347–2410.
[9] Fernandez, M., Lopez, R., & Garcia, A. (2023). Nature-inspired design of biomimetic drug delivery systems. Biomaterials Science, 11(7), 2689–2704.
[10] Gupta, A., Sharma, S., & Verma, R. (2023). Polysaccharide-based bio-inspired nanocarriers for drug delivery. Carbohydrate Polymers, 305, 120538.
[11] Huang, X., Zhang, F., & Li, C. (2023). Physicochemical characterization of biomimetic nanoparticles. Langmuir, 39(15), 5278–5289.
[12] Kaur, H., Singh, D., & Mehta, S. (2023). FTIR and spectroscopic analysis of drug-loaded nanomaterials. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 293, 122417.
[13] Kim, J., Lee, N., & Park, J. (2023). Lipid-based bio-inspired nanocarriers for targeted therapy. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 12(6), 2201897.
[14] Kumar, R., Patel, A., & Singh, P. (2023). Biomimetic nanotechnology for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 47, 102617.
[15] Lee, J., Kim, H., & Cho, K. (2023). Protein-based nanocages for drug delivery applications. Biomacromolecules, 24(8), 3621–3635.
[16] Li, Y., & Wang, X. (2023). Bio-inspired nanomaterials: From design to biomedical applications. Nano Today, 49, 101761.
[17] Liu, Z., Chen, X., & Zhang, Y. (2023). pH-responsive nanocarriers for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 21, 183.
[18] Mehta, P., Joshi, R., & Kulkarni, A. (2023). Green synthesis of nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Materials Today Bio, 18, 100529.
[19] Morales, D., Martinez, J., & Ruiz, M. (2023). Biomimicry in nanomedicine: Learning from nature. Trends in Biotechnology, 41(9), 1234–1248.
[20] Nguyen, T. T., Pham, H. Q., & Tran, D. L. (2023). Cellular uptake mechanisms of biomimetic nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 223, 113078.
[21] Omar, Z., Hassan, N., & Ali, M. (2023). Controlled release behavior of bio-inspired nanocarriers. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 82, 104352.
[22] Patel, K., Shah, V., & Desai, U. (2023). Chitosan-based bio-inspired nanomaterials for drug delivery. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 234, 123567.
[23] Qian, Y., Zhou, L., & Sun, M. (2023). Self-assembled peptide nanostructures for therapeutic delivery. Advanced Functional Materials, 33(18), 2300451.
[24] Rao, S., Nair, A., & Menon, D. (2023). Liposome-inspired nanocarriers for efficient drug transport. Journal of Liposome Research, 33(3), 245–259.
[25] Sharma, A., Malhotra, M., & Kakkar, A. (2023). Biomimetic surface functionalization of nanoparticles. ACS Applied Bio Materials, 6(5), 2157–2170.
[26] Singh, R., Yadav, P., & Mishra, S. (2023). Biocompatibility assessment of bio-inspired nanomaterials. Toxicology in Vitro, 88, 105567.
[27] Sun, H., Li, J., & Zhao, Y. (2023). Enzyme-triggered degradation of natural polymer nanocarriers. Biomacromolecules, 24(10), 4512–4526.
[28] Verma, A., & Shrivastava, S. (2024). Enhancing perovskite solar cell (PSCs) efficiency by self-assembled bilayer (SAB) technique. GIS Science Journal, 11(2), 567–571.
[29] Verma, A., Shrivastava, S., & Diwakar, A. K. (2022). The synthesis of zinc sulfide for use in solar cells by sol–gel nanomaterials. Recent Trends of Innovation in Chemical and Biological Science, 4, 69–75.
[30] Wang, L., Chen, J., & Xu, H. (2023). Smart nanocarriers for site-specific drug delivery. Advanced Therapeutics, 6(7), 2300024.
[31] Wu, Y., Zhang, D., & Lin, S. (2023). Hierarchical bio-inspired nanostructures for biomedical use. Small, 19(22), 2301049.
[32] Xie, S., Huang, Y., & Zhou, X. (2023). Nanocarrier–cell interactions in drug delivery. Acta Biomaterialia, 164, 1–18.
[33] Yang, P., Li, Z., & Guo, R. (2023). Extracellular matrix-inspired drug delivery systems. Materials Today Chemistry, 29, 101421.
[34] Zhang, H., Liu, S., & Chen, Y. (2023). Bio-inspired nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Journal of Controlled Release, 356, 1–18.
[35] Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Luo, G. (2023). Design principles of biomimetic nanomedicine. Chemical Engineering Journal, 452, 139419.
[36] Zhao, X., Sun, W., & Li, F. (2023). Advances in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutics, 15(6), 1654.
[37] Zhou, Q., Tang, J., & Li, M. (2023). Peptide-driven self-assembly in nanomedicine. Nano Research, 16(5), 6923–6937.
[38] Zhu, Y., Chen, G., & Yang, L. (2023). Translational challenges of biomimetic nanocarriers. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 201, 114989
.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
