Influence of planting dates and nitrogen fertilizer levels on grain quality and chemical properties on two Oat varieties (Aveva sativa L.).
Keywords:
Germination –Nitrogen -Protein, Carbohydrates -Viability – Vigour- OatAbstract
The field trail was conducted at an extension in Research Farm of Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University at Ghazalah village Zagazig District Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 seasons to study the effect of planting dates (30th October, 15th November and 30th November) and nitrogen fertilizer rates (zero, 30, 60 and 90 kg. N/fed.) on quality and chemical properties of two Oat varieties (White and Rad Oat).
The results showed that planting dates had a significant difference in both seasons and combined in all properties, as well as the (30th October) early planting date produced highest germination %, good seedling %, stem length (cm.), root length (cm.), fresh weight of seedling (g.) and dry weight of seedling (g.). While (15th November) middle planting date gave the highest values of chemical properties.
Also, the results indicated that White Oat variety was superior and significantly increased than the Red Oat variety in all studied properties of quality and chemical properties.
Increasing nitrogen levels from zero,30 to 60 and 90 kg. N/ fed. significantly increased of the most studied characters. In general, 90 kg. N/fed. gave the highest values, followed by 60, 30 kg. N/ fed., while zero treatment was recorded a lowest in this respect.
The results indicated also that, grain yield (ton/ fed.) appeared a positive significant correlation with no. grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight (g.), grains protein %, grains carbohydrates %, straw protein% and straw carbohydrates %, germination % and stem length (cm.).
In addition, Path analysis revealed that number of spikelets / panicle, number of grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight (g.) were the main grain yield variation and the relative contributions were about 4.985, 5.795 and 126.330 % in respective order.
Conclusively, all studied quality characters; 30th October surpassed than 15th November and 30th November, respectively when 90kg. N/fed. gave the highest values viability, vigour and chemical characters. White Oat variety superior in all studied characters, i.e. germination%, good seedling %, stem length (cm.), root length (cm.), fresh and dry weight of seedling (g.), grains protein and carbohydrates %, straw protein and carbohydrates %. The grain yield (ton/fed.) appeared a positive significant correlation with most studied characters..
Downloads
References
A.O.A.C. (1970). Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Official and tentative method of analysis 11th ed. Washington, D.C.
Al-Ajmi, M. H. and Al-Refai, S. I. (2020). Effect of early planting dates on the growth and yield of two varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.). Plant. Arch, (20): 124–127.
Alhilfi, S. K. (2020). Response of two varieties of oat plant (Avena sativa L.) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 16(2): 753–759.
Ali, I.; Zamir, S. I.; Hussain, M.; Shan, M. D. and Ajmal, M. (2017). Agro-economic studies of different oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars under varying nitrogen levels. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, (13): 31–39.
Bazzo, J. H.; Arruda, K. M.; Fonseca, I. C. and Zucareli, C. (2020). Sowing dates and densities on physiological potential of seeds of white oat cultivars. Journal of Seed Science, 42: e202042023.
Brunava, L.; Vilmane, L. and Zute, S. (2015). Influence of nitrogen application rate and meteorological conditions on β–glucan content in naked and husked oat grain. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, 69(4): 178–181.
Călugăr, R. E.; Varga, A.; Vana, C. D.; Ceclan, L. A.; Racz, I.; Chețan, F. and Muntean, L. (2024). Influence of Changing Weather on Old and New Maize Hybrids: A Case Study in Romania. Plants, 13(23): 22-33.
Caron, B. O.; Oliveira, D. M.; Elli, E. F.; Eloy, E.; Schwerz, F. and Souza, V.D. (2017). Elementos meteorológicos sobre características morfológicas e produtivas do milho em diferentes épocas de semeadura. Científica, Jaboticabal-SP, 45(2): 105–114.
Chakraborty, J. A.; Arora, R. N.; Joshi, U. N. and Chhabra, A. K. (2014). Evaluation of Avena species for yield, quality attributes and disease reaction. Forage Research, 39(4): 179–184.
Devi, U.; Panghaal, D.; Kumar, P.; Sewhag, M. and Kumar, P. (2019). Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and quality of oats: A Review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(2): 1999–2005.
DuBois, M.; Gilles, K. A.; Hamilton, J. K.; Rebers, P. A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugar and related substances. Anal. Chem., 28(3): 350–356.
Dumlupınar, Z.; Maral, H.; Kara, R.; Dokuyucu, T. and Akkaya, A. (2011). Evaluation of Turkish oat landraces based on grain yield, yield components and some quality traits. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 16(2): 190–196.
Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11: 1–24.
Evenhuis, B. and Waard, P.W. (1980). Principle and practies in plant analysis. F.A.O. Soils Bell. 38 (1): 152–163.
FAO (2020). Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). http://faostat3. Fao/org/down-load/Q/QC/E (Accessed 01.08.2020).
Godara, A. S.; Satpal, S.; Duhan, B. S. and Pahuja, S. K. (2016). Effect of different nitrogen levels on forage yield, quality and economics of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. Forage Research, 41(4): 233–236.
Iqbal, M. F.; Iqbal, Z.; Farooq, M.; Ali, L. and Fiaz, M. (2013). Impact nitrogenous fertilizer on yield and quality of oat. Pakistan Journal of Science, 65(1): 34–39.
ISTA (1999). International Rules for Seed Testing. Handbook of Vigor Test Method. 3rd Edition: 22–35.
Jat, H. A. and Kaushik, M. K. (2018). Quality and economic of fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) as influenced by irrigation and nitrogen under southern Rajasthan. Forage Research, 44(1): 28–31.
Jat, R. K.; Patel, A. G.; Shviran, A.; Bijarnia, A. L. and Bhunwal, V. B. (2014). Response of oat (Avena sativa L.) on quality and economics to nitrogen and phosphorus levels under North Gujarat agro-climatic conditions. Journal of Crop and Weed, 10(2): 492–494.
Jehangir, I. A.; Khan, H. U.; Khan, M. H.; Rasool, F. U.; Bhat, R. A.; Mubarak, T. and Rasool, S. (2013). Effect of sowing dates, fertility levels and cutting managements on growth, yield and quality of oats (Avena sativa L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(7): 648–651.
Kadam, S. S.; Solanki, N. S.; Arif, M.; Mundra, S. L.; Dashora, L.N. and Upadhyay, B. (2022). Effect of sowing time, cutting schedules and nitrogen levels on yield and quality of dual purpose oats (Avena sativa L.). Range Management and Agroforestry, 43(1): 102–108.
Khushbu, V.; Sood, V. K. and Sanadya, S. K. (2023). Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in backcross derived oat breeding lines. Biological Forum — An International Journal, 15(10): 866–870.
Krishnasamy, V. and Seshu, D. V. (1990). Phosphine fumigation influence on rice seed germination and vigor. Crop Science, 30(1): 82–85.
Kumar, B. S.; Singh, R. V.; Gupta, A. K. and Ravinder, J. (2017). Effect of nitrogen levels and cutting management on nitrogen content, protein content and protein yield of fodder oat (Avena sativa L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 6(7): 2077–2083.
Kumar, N.; Satpal, L.; Kharor, N. and Bhardwaj, S. (2023). Evaluating the effect of different nitrogen levels on forage yield and quality of promising entries of single cut oat. Forage Research, 48(4): 482–486.
Lafond, G. P.; May, W.E. and Holzapfel, C. B. (2013). Row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer effect on no-till oat production. Agronomy Journal, 105(1): 1–10.
Mahajan, G. and Chauhan, B. S. (2021). Biological traits of six sterile oat biotypes in response to planting time. Agronomy Journal, 113(1): 42–51.
Marcos-Filho, J. (2015). Fisiologia de sementes de plantas cultivadas (2nd ed., 660 pp.). Londrina, Brazil: ABRATES.
Midha, L. K.; Duhan, B. S. and Arya, S. (2015). Performance of promising entries of oat (Avena sativa L.) under different nitrogen levels. Forage Research, 41(2): 122–125.
Murali, B.; Susheela, R.; Shanti, M. and Shashikala, T. (2021). Effect of time of sowing, seed rate, and cultivar on oat green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 38(4): 400–406.
Mut, Z.; Akay, H. and Erbaş Köse, Ö.D. (2015). Hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin. International Journal of Plant Production, 9(4): 507–522.
Mut, Z.; Akay, H. and Erbaş Köse, Ö.D. (2018). Grain yield, quality traits and grain yield stability of local oat cultivars. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 18(1): 269–281.
Obour, A. K.; Holman, J. D. and Schlegel, A. J. (2019). Seeding rate and nitrogen application effects on oat forage yield and nutritive value. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42(13): 1452–1460.
Popa, C.; Călugăr, R. E.; Varga, A.; Muntean, E.; Băcilă, I.; Vana, C. D. and Muntean, L. (2025). Evaluating maize hybrids for yield, stress tolerance, and carotenoid content: Insights into breeding for climate resilience. Plants, 14(1): 138.
Rahuma, M. A. (2018). Sowing dates effect on growth and grain yield of some maize hybrids. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, (39): 244–249.
Ratan, N. E.; Yadav, M. and Singh, U.N. (2018). Responses of fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties to irrigation and fertilizer gradient in Bundelkhand region (UP) India. Forage Research, 44(2): 96–100.
Saini, M.; Dhama, S. K.; Bahuguna, D. K. and Kumar, N. (2025). Genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path analysis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 10(1): 79–85.
Samal, R. P.; Nanda, G.; Kumar, M. and Sattar, A. (2023). Yield, quality and profitability of fodder oat varieties in response to different dates of sowing. Forage Research, 48(4): 477–481.
Shaker, A. M.; Ibrahem, M. S. and Mizel, M. S. (2016). Determined the oat (Avena sativa L.) genotype responding to different planting dates in southern Iraq. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, 9(6): 33–43.
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. (1981). Statistical Methods. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Sood, V. K.; Sanadya, S. K.; Kumar, S.; Chand, S. and Kapoor, R. (2022). Health benefits of oat (Avena sativa) and nutritional improvement through plant breeding interventions. Crop and Pasture Science, 73(12): 1302–1315.
Svab, J. (1973). Biometriai modszerek a Kutatasban-Mezogazdasagi. Kiado, Budapest.
Tessema, A. and Getinet, K. (2020). Evaluation of oats (Avena sativa) genotypes for seed yield and yield components in the highlands of Gamo, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(3): 15–23.
TONG, Y. S.; Yu, X. J.; Xu, C. L.; Wang, P. B.; Song, J. C.; Li, Z. and Li, Y. (2021). Effects of sowing date on forage yield and quality of seven oat varieties in tianzhu alpine region. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 29(5): 1094–1103.
Westerman, R. L. (1990). Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA: 534–587.
Wrolstad, R. E.; Acree, T. E.; Decker, E. A.; Penner, M. H.; Reid, S.; Schwartz, S. J.; Shoemaker, C. F.; Smith, D. and Sporns, P. (2005). Handbook of food analytical chemistry (Vols. 1–2, 1779 PP.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.
Yan, W.; Fregeau-Reid, J.; Ma, B. L.; Pageau, D. and Vera, C. (2017). Nitrogen fertilizer complements breeding in improving yield and quality of milling oat. Crop Science, 57(6): 3291–3302.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
