Evaluation Of Changes In Pharyngeal Airway: In Angle’s Class I Patients With Bi-Dentoalveolar Proclination Following Retraction, Angle’s Class Ii Patients Following Functional Appliance Therapy And Angle’s Class Iii Patients Following Mandibular Setback S
Keywords:
Pharyngeal airway, malocclusion, functional appliance, mandibular setback, orthodontic extraction, cephalometryAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions in patients with different malocclusions following orthodontic or orthognathic treatment. Specifically, the study assessed airway changes in Class I patients with bi-dentoalveolar proclination treated with premolar extractions and retraction, Class II patients treated with functional appliances, and Class III patients treated with mandibular setback surgery.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cephalometric analysis was conducted on 45 patients, equally segregated into three groups based on malocclusion type and treatment modality. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were used to measure changes in the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway at six anatomical levels. Data were statistically examined using both paired t-tests and ANOVA.
Results: Class I patients exhibited a significant reduction in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway dimensions following anterior retraction. After receiving functional appliance therapy, Class II patients showed a notable increase in airway dimensions, primarily in the velopharyngeal area. After mandibular setback surgery, Class III patients had the most significant reduction in pharyngeal airway space, with the base of the tongue showing the most noticeable constriction.
Conclusion: Both orthodontic therapy and surgery have a discernible impact on the pharyngeal airway's size. Functional appliances in growing Class II patients improved airway space, whereas mandibular setback surgery and incisor retraction were associated with airway narrowing, underscoring the need for airway-focused treatment planning
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