Carrying Angle And Its Correlation With Height In Central Indian Paediatric Population

Authors

  • Yatharth Mishra
  • Avantika Bamne
  • Abhishek Bharti
  • Parul Gaur

Keywords:

Carrying angle, height, dominant limb, non-dominant limb

Abstract

Introduction: Carrying Angle (CA) is formed between long axis of arm and forearm when arm is supinated and elbow joint is fully extended leading to lateral deflection of forearm. In healthy growing children the range of elbow joint motion and CA increases with age until skeletal maturity, increasing up to 15 years thereafter decreasing slightly. Effect of increasing height on CA at elbow has not been extensively studied in paediatric population creating a void.

Aims & Objective: Present study finds out correlation between height and CA in paediatric population. Objectives were to identify gradual variation in CA according to height variation in children as their age advanced.

Material & Method: Five hundred four (504) children of both sexes aged 6-14 years, grouped in four groups [I, II, III and IV] were assessed for CA using manual goniometer while height was measured using stadiometer. Statistical calculations were done using Prism software.

Result: Present study reports a positive correlation between CA and height as the CA increased gradually in all the four groups with increasing height from group I to group IV.

Discussion & Conclusion: This study demonstrates the positive correlation of CA with height in paediatric population irrespective of gender. Apparently present is the only study till date showing gradual CA increase with advancing height according to age in children (6-14 years) undergoing active skeletal growth and maturation period.

Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of CA and its variation is important anatomic feature assisting orthopaedic surgeons in management of elbow fractures, restoration, implants, and other diseases. It may be useful for forensic anthropologists in assessing skeletal remains.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Snell RS. Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012: 408.

Khare GN, Goel SC, Saraf SK, Singh G, Mohanty C. New observations on carrying angle. Indian J Med Sci. 1999;53:61-7.

Paraskevas G, Papadopoulos A, Papaziogas B, Spanidou S, Argiriadou H, Gigis J. Study of the carrying angle of the human elbow joint in full extension: a morphometric analysis. Surg Radiol Anat. 2004; 26:19-23.

Terra BB, Silva BCM, Carvalho HBF, Dobashi ET, Pinto JA, Ishida A. Evolution of the carrying angle of the elbow: a clinical and radiographic study. Acta Ortop Bras. [online]. 2011;19(2):79-82.

Balasubramanian P, Madhuri V, Muliyil J. Carrying angle in children: a normative study. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2006;15(1):37-40.

Tükenmez M, Demirel H, Perçin S, Tezeren G. [Measurement of the carrying angle of the elbow in 2,000 children at ages six and fourteen years]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2004;38:274-6.

Golden DW, Jhee JT, Gilpin SP, Sawyer JR. Elbow range of motion and clinical carrying angle in a healthy pediatric population. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2007;16:144-9.

Beals RK. The normal carrying angle of the elbow. A radiographic study of 422 patients. ClinOrthopRelat Res. 1976;(119):194-6.

Standring S, Borley NR, Collins P, Crossman AR, Gatzoulis MA, Healy JC, et al., editors. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice 40 ed. London: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008.

Kothapalli J, Murudkar PH, Seerla LD. The Carrying Angle of Elbow- A Correlative and Comparative Study. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2013;5(4):71-6.

Sharma S.K., Siddiqui S.W., Correlation of carrying angle of elbow with length of forearm and height of body. Int.J.Med.Sci.Educ 2019;6(4):41-43.

Shah PA, Naqvi WM. Carrying angle and its co-relation with different parameters height, length of forearm and age. Int J Physiother. 2020;7(5):211–5.

Kushwaha N, Verma V, Singh A, et al. (May 30, 2022) A Study of Factors Associated With Carrying Angle of the Human Elbow in Pediatric Age Group. Cureus 14(5): e25478. DOI 10.7759/cureus.25478.

Sharma K, Mansur D, Khanal K, Haque M. Variation of carrying angle with age, sex, height and special reference to side. Katmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2013;11(44):315-318.

Khan MS, Singh RB. Variation in carrying angle – A normative study. Indian J Orthop Surg 2023;9(4):237-242.

Downloads

Published

2025-07-05

How to Cite

1.
Mishra Y, Bamne A, Bharti A, Gaur P. Carrying Angle And Its Correlation With Height In Central Indian Paediatric Population. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Jul.5 [cited 2025Jul.12];14(32S):3869-73. Available from: https://jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/8023

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 32S (2025): Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Section

Original Article

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.