Curative Activity of Jasminum Sambac on Experimentally Induced Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis in Rat Model
Keywords:
Nephrolithiasis, Jasminum sambac, Calcium oxalate, Ethylene glycol, Anti-urolithiatic, Antioxidant, Rat model, Herbal medicine.Abstract
Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a multifactorial disorder marked by the formation of crystalline deposits, predominantly calcium oxalate, within the urinary tract, often associated with oxidative stress and altered urinary composition. This study aimed to evaluate the curative potential of ethanol extract of Jasminum sambac leaves in an experimentally induced rat model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Thirty male Wistar albino rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, lithiatic control (administered 0.75% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride for 28 days), standard group treated with Cystone (500 mg/kg), and two treatment groups administered Jasminum sambac extract at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Parameters assessed included body weight, urine volume, pH, urinary and serum levels of uric acid, calcium, creatinine, and magnesium, along with antioxidant markers (SOD and GSH), urine microscopy, and kidney histopathology. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. The results revealed that Jasminum sambac extract significantly (P<0.05–0.0001) improved urine output, reduced urinary crystal deposition, restored urinary and serum biochemical parameters, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced tissue damage and crystal deposition in the treatment groups, especially at 500 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, Jasminum sambac demonstrates significant anti-urolithiatic and antioxidant activities, supporting its traditional use in treating renal disorders and indicating its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for kidney stone management.
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