Study Analysis of Photoconductivity of Zinc Oxide NPs and Bulk Zinc Oxide synthesized by Different Methods

Authors

  • Nitin Pandey

Keywords:

XRD, SEM, Photoconductivity

Abstract

Here an attempt has been made to study photoconductivity properties of bulk ZnO and nano ZnO. Bulk ZnO synthesized by heat treatment and ZnO nanoparticles by sol-gel method at 500 0C temperature. Structural and morphological studies have been performed using XRD and SEM. XRD indicates that bulk ZnO is single phase with wurtzite structure and ZnO NPs (wurtzite structure) with crystallite size of the order of nm. SEM images of bulk ZnO indicate formation of spherical shape and SEM images of ZnO NPs show pseudo-spherical shape. UV-visible absorption study of synthesized ZnO NPs shows blue shifting of absorption edge as compared to that in bulk ZnO. Anomalous behaviour of photocurrent is observed in both samples wherein the photocurrent decreases even during steady illumination

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Y. H. Hsu, J. Lin, and W. C. Tang, “RF sputtered piezoelectric zinc oxide thin film for transducer application,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 19(7), pp. 653, 2008.

S. Roy and Bull S. Basu, “Improved zinc oxide film for gas sensor applications,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 25, pp. 513, 2002.

S. Kedia, R. Vijaya, A. K. Ray, S. Sinha and K. Dasgupta, “Emission studies on ZnO-inverse photonic crystals derived from self-assembly,” Pramana:Indian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 75, pp. 975, 2010.

S. Meng, D. Li, X. Zheng, J. Wang, J. Chen, J. Fang, Y. Shao and X. Fu, “ZnO photonic crystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity and photostability,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, pp. 2744, 2013.

M. Willander et al., “Zinc oxide nanorod based photonic devices: recent progress in growth, light emitting diodes and lasers,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, pp. 332001, 2009.

Y. S. Choi, J. W. Kang, D. K. Hwang, and S. J. Park, “Recent advances in ZnO-based light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 57, pp. 1, 2010.

C. P. Chen, P. H. Lin, L. Y. Chen, M. Y. K.e, Y. W. Cheng, and J. J. Huang, “Nanoparticles-coated n-ZnO/p-Si photodiodes with improved photo responsivities and acceptance angles for potential solar cell applications,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, pp. 245204, 2009.

S. J. Young, L. W. Ji, S. J. Chang, and X. L. Du, “ZnO Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Ultraviolet Photodiodes with Au Contacts,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 154, pp. H26, 2007.

M. S. Wu, A. Azuma, T. Shiosaki, and A. Kawabata, “Low-loss ZnO optical waveguides for SAW-AO applications,” transactions on ultrasonics. ferroelectrics, and frequency control, Vol. 36(4), pp. 442, 1989.

J. H. Lee, K. H. Ko, and B. O. Park, “Electrical and optical properties of ZnO transparent conducting films by the sol–gel method,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 247, pp. 119, 2003.

V. C. Sousa, A. M. Segadaes, M. R. Morelli, and R.H.G.A. Kiminami, “Combustion synthesized ZnO powders for varistor ceramics,” International Journal of Inorganic Materials, Vol. 1, pp. 235, 1999.

Y. H. Hsu, J. Lin, and W. C. Tang, “RF sputtered piezoelectric zinc oxide thin film for transducer application,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 19(7), pp. 653, 2008.

S. Roy and Bull S. Basu, “Improved zinc oxide film for gas sensor applications,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 25, pp. 513, 2002.

S. Kedia, R. Vijaya, A. K. Ray, S. Sinha and K. Dasgupta, “Emission studies on ZnO-inverse photonic crystals derived from self-assembly,” Pramana:Indian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 75, pp. 975, 2010.

S. Meng, D. Li, X. Zheng, J. Wang, J. Chen, J. Fang, Y. Shao and X. Fu, “ZnO photonic crystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity and photostability,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, pp. 2744, 2013.

M. Willander et al., “Zinc oxide nanorod based photonic devices: recent progress in growth, light emitting diodes and lasers,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, pp. 332001, 2009.

Y. S. Choi, J. W. Kang, D. K. Hwang, and S. J. Park, “Recent advances in ZnO-based light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 57, pp. 1, 2010.

C. P. Chen, P. H. Lin, L. Y. Chen, M. Y. K.e, Y. W. Cheng, and J. J. Huang, “Nanoparticles-coated n-ZnO/p-Si photodiodes with improved photo responsivities and acceptance angles for potential solar cell applications,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, pp. 245204, 2009.

S. J. Young, L. W. Ji, S. J. Chang, and X. L. Du, “ZnO Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Ultraviolet Photodiodes with Au Contacts,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 154, pp. H26, 2007.

M. S. Wu, A. Azuma, T. Shiosaki, and A. Kawabata, “Low-loss ZnO optical waveguides for SAW-AO applications,” transactions on ultrasonics. ferroelectrics, and frequency control, Vol. 36(4), pp. 442, 1989.

J. H. Lee, K. H. Ko, and B. O. Park, “Electrical and optical properties of ZnO transparent conducting films by the sol–gel method,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 247, pp. 119, 2003.

V. C. Sousa, A. M. Segadaes, M. R. Morelli, and R.H.G.A. Kiminami, “Combustion synthesized ZnO powders for varistor ceramics,” International Journal of Inorganic Materials, Vol. 1, pp. 235, 1999.

S. C. Pillai, J. M. Kelly, D. E. McCormack and R. Ramesh, “Self assembled arrays of ZnO nanoparticles and their application as varistors materials,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 14, pp. 1572, 2004.

R. N. Viswanath, S. Ramasamy, R. Ramamoorthy, P. Jayavel and T. Nagarajan, “Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline ZnO based materials for varistor applications,” Nanostructured Materials, Vol. 6, pp. 993, 1995.

Y. Q. Fu, J. K. Luo, X. Y. Du, A. J. Flewitt, Y. Lid, G. H. Markx, A. J. Walton, W. I. Milne, “Recent developments on ZnO films for acoustic wave based bio-sensing and microfluidic applications: a review,” Sensors and Actuators B, Vol. 143, pp. 606, 2010.

Y. H. Ni, X. W. Wei, J. M Hongb, and Y. Ye, “Hydrothermal preparation and optical properties of ZnO nanorods,” Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 121, pp. 42, 2005.

B. P. Zhang, N. T. Binh, K. Wakatsuki, Y. Segawa, Y. Kashiwaba and K. Haga, “Synthesis and optical properties of single crystal ZnO nanorods,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, pp. S382, 2004.

Y. J. Xing, Z. H. Xi, Z. Q. Xue, X. D. Zhang, and J. H. Song, “Optical properties of the ZnO nanotubes synthesized via vapor phase growth,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, pp. 1689, 2003.

G. Shen, Y. Bando, B. Liu, D. Golberg, and C. J. Lee, “Characterization and field-emission properties of vertically aligned ZnO nanonails and nanopencils fabricated by a modified thermal evaporation process,” Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 16, pp. 410, 2006.

R. Andres, B. Mendez, F. L. Urıas, M. Terrones, and H. Terrones, “Magnetic behavior in zinc oxide zigzag nanoribbons,” Nano Letters, Vol. 8, pp. 1562, 2008.

X. Wang, J. Song, and Z. L. Wang, “Nanowire and nanobelt arrays of zinc oxide from synthesis to properties and to novel devices,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 17, pp. 711, 2007.

S. Kar, A. Dev, and S. Chaudhuri, “Simple solvothermal route to synthesize ZnO nanosheets, nanonails, and well-aligned nanorod arrays,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, pp. 17848, 2006.

J. Q. Hu, Quan Li, N. B. Wong, C. S. Lee, S. T. Lee, “Synthesis of uniform hexagonal prismatic ZnO whiskers,” Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 14, pp. 1216, 2002.

R. Wahab, Y. S. Kim, A. Mishra , S. Yun, and H. S. Shin, “Formation of ZnO micro-flowers prepared via solution process and their antibacterial activity,” Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 5, pp. 1675, 2010.

A. Bougrinea, M. Addoua, A. Kachouane, J. C. Bernede, M. Morsli, “Effect of tin incorporation on physicochemical properties of ZnO films prepared by spray pyrolysis,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 91, pp. 247, 2005.

T. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, and N. Koshizaki, “Preparation of metal oxide-based nanomaterials using nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in liquids,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 182, pp. 335, 2006.

M. S. Niasari, F. Davar, and M. Mazaheri, “Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles from [bis(acetylacetonato)zinc(II)]–oleylamine complex by thermal decomposition,” Materials Letters, Vol. 62, pp. 1890, 2008.

C. F. Jin, X. Yuan, W. Ge, J. Hong, and X. Xin, “Synthesis of ZnO nanorods by solid state reaction at room temperature, Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, pp. 667, 2003.

S. B. Rana, A. Singh, and S. Singh, “Characterization and optical studies of pure and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles,” International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials, Vol. 6, pp. 45, 2013.

H. Wang, J. Xie, K. Yan, and M. Duan, “Growth mechanism of different morphologies of ZnO crystals prepared by hydrothermal method,” Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 27, pp. 153, 2011.

L. H. lian, Y. J. hai, Z. Y. Jung, W. Y. Xin and W. M. Bin, “Structures and properties of Zn1−xCuxO nanoparticles by sol-gel method,” Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, Vol. 25 (4), pp. 430, 2009.

R. Shankar, R. K. Srivastava, and S. G. Prakash, “Study of dark-conductivity and photoconductivity of ZnO nano structures synthesized by thermal decomposition of zinc oxalate,” Electronics Materials Letters, Vol. 9(5), pp. 555, 2013.

M. Benhaliliba, C. E. Benouis, M. S. Aida, A. Sanchez Juarez, F. Yakuphanoglu, and A. T. Silver, “A comparative study on structural, optical, photoconductivity properties of In and Al doped ZnO thin films grown onto glass and FTO substrates grown by spray pyrolysis process,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 506, pp. 548, 2010.

J. B. Baxter and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Conductivity of ZnO nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin films using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, pp. 25229, 2006.

S. K. Mishra, S. Bayan, P. Chakraborty, and R. K. Srivastava, “Defect-dominated optical emission and enhanced ultraviolet photoconductivity properties of ZnO nanorods synthesized by simple and catalyst-free approach,” Applied Physics A, Vol. 115, pp. 1193, 2014.

A. Bera, T. Ghosh, and D. Basak, “Enhanced photoluminescence and photoconductivity of ZnO nanowires with sputtered Zn,” Applied materials and Interfaces, Vol. 2(10), pp. 2898, 2010.

A. E. Jimenez Gonzalez and J. A. Soto Urueta, “Optical transmittance and photoconductivity studies on ZnO:Al thin films prepared by the sol-gel technique,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 52, pp. 345, 1998.

Y. K. Seo, S. Kumar, and G. H. Kim, “Photoconductivity characteristics of ZnO nano particles assembled in nanogap electrodes for portable photodetector applications,” Physica E, Vol. 42, pp. 1163, 2010.

J. B. Johnson, H. Jones, B. S. Latham, J. D. Parker, R. D. Engelken, and C. Barber, “Optimization of photoconductivity in vacuum-evaporated tin sulfide thin films,” Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 14, pp. 501, 1999.

S. Lu and B. Panchapakesan, “Photoconductivity in single wall carbon nanotube sheets,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 17, pp. 1843, 2006.

E. R. Viana, J. C. González, G. M. Ribeiro, and A. G. de Oliveira, “Photoluminescence and high temperature persistent photoconductivity experiments in SnO2 nanobelts,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117(15), pp. 7844, 2012.

K. Huang and Q. Zhang, “Giant persistent photoconductivity of the WO3 nanowires in vacuum condition,” Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 52, 2011.

A. K. Chakraborty and B. Mallik, “Anomalous photoconductivity of ferrocene,” Synthetic Metals, Vol. 73, pp. 239, 1995.

J. S. Jie, W. J. Zhang,, Y. Jiang, X. M. Meng, Y. Q. Li, and S. T. Lee, “photoconductive characteristics of single-crystal CdS nanoribbons,” Nano Letters, Vol. 6(9), pp. 1887, 2006.

R. Kripal et al., “Photoluminescence and photoconductivity of ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation method,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Vol. 76, pp. 523, 2010.

N. Fishelson, I. Shkrob, O. Lev, J. Gun, and A. D. Modestov, “Studies on charge transport in self-assembled gold-dithiol films: conductivity, photoconductivity and photoelectrochemical measurements,” Langmuir, Vol. 17, pp. 403, 2001.

M. C. Beard, G. M. Turner, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Size-dependent photoconductivity in CdSe nanoparticles as measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy,” Nano Letters, Vol. 2(9), pp. 983, 2002.

C. S. A. Raj and F. P. Xavier, “Effect of post deposition annealing on the optical absorption and photoconductivity studies of pure ZnTe and pure MgPc thin films formed by vacuum deposition,” Archives of Applied Science Research, Vol. 5(2), pp. 167, 2013.

B. K. Gupta, O. P. Agnihotri, and A. Raza, “The electrical and photoconducting properties of chemically sprayed cadmium sulphide films,” Thin solids Films, Vol. 48, pp. 153, 1978.

R. H. Bube, “Photoelectronic properties of imperfections in cadmium sulfo‐selenide solid solutions,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 35, 586, 1964.

P. K. C. Pillai, N. Schroff, N. N. Kumar and A. K. Tripathi, “Photoconductivity and dark conductivity studied of CdS1-xSex(Cu) sintered layers,” Physical Review B, Vol. 32, pp. 8228, 1985.

S. Bhusan and L. C. Giriya, “Photoconductivity of (ZnS, CdSe): Dy,” Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 22, pp. 1179, 1987.

R. W. Glew, “Cadmium selenide sputtered Films,” Thin solid films, Vol. 46, pp. 59, 1977.

S. Devi and S.G. Prakash, “Photoconductivity and dark conductivity studies of (MgO-ZnO) mixed system,” Pramana: Journal of Physics, Vol. 39, pp. 145, 1992.

N. Pandey, R. K. Srivastava, and S. G. Prakash, “Study of Dark Conductivity and Photoconductivity in Dysprosium Doped Zinc Oxide Synthesized by Heat Treatment Method,” National. Academy of Science Letters, Vol. 36 (5), pp. 521, 2013.

C. C. Lin and Y. Y. Li, “Synthesis of ZnO nanowires by thermal decomposition of zinc acetate dehydrate,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 113, pp. 334, 2009.

B. D. Cullity and S. R. Stock, Elementary of X-ray Diffraction, third Ed., Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, New Jersy, 2001.

S. B. Rana, P. Singh, A. K. Sharma, A. W. Carbonari, and R. Dogra, “Synthesis and characterization of pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles,” Journal of optoelectronics and advanced materials, Vol. 12(2), pp. 257, 2010.

R. Wahab, S. G. Ansari, Y. S. Kim, M. S. Dhage, H. K. Seo, M. Song, and H. S. Shin, “Effect of annealing on the conversion of ZnS to ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel method using zinc acetate and thiourea,” Metals and Materials International, Vol. 15(3), pp. 453, 2009.

S. Xiao, Z. Y. Chun, and Z. Y. Hui, “Preparation and characterization of ultrafine zinc oxide powder by hydrothermal method,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 20, pp. 236, 2010.

H. Yu, J. Yu, B. Cheng, and M. Zhou, “Effects of hydrothermal post-treatment on microstructures and morphology of titanate nanoribbons,” Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 179, pp. 349, 2006.

P. K. Giri, S. Bhattacharyya, B. Chetia, S. Kumari, D. K. Singh, P. K. Iyer, “High-yield chemical synthesis of hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles and nanorods with excellent optical properties,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, pp. 1, 2006.

A. K. Zak, M. E. Abrishami, W. H. Abd. Majid, R. Yousefi, and S. M. Hosseini, “Effects of annealing temperature on some structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by a modified sol–gel combustion method,” Ceramics International, Vol. 37, pp. 393, 2011.

S. K. Mishra, R. K. Srivastava, S. G. Prakash, R. S. Yadav, and A. C. Pandey, “Photoluminescence and photoconductivity characteristics of hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanoparticles,” Opto Electronics Review, Vol. 18(4), pp. 467, 2010.

R. Kripal, A. K. Gupta, R. K. Srivastava, and S. K. Mishra, “Photoconductivity and photoluminescence of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation method,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Vol. 79, pp. 1605, 2010.

S. Devi and S. G. Prakash, “Photoconductivity studies of composites,” Pramana Journal of Physics, Vol. 43, pp. 245, 1994.

A. Rose, “Concept of photoconductivity and allied problems,” Wiley New York, pp. 43, 1963.

S. Devi and S. G. Prakash, “Photoconductivity and dark conductivity studies of mixed systems,” Pramana Journal of Physics, Vol. 39, pp. 145, 1992.

S. Devi and S. G. Prakash, “Comparative study of photoconductivity in mixed lattices of PbCrO4-HgO-ZnO,” Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, Vol. 33, pp. 319, 1995.

S. E. Ahn, H. S. Lee, H. Kim, S. Kim, B. K. Kang, K. H. Kim, G. T. Kim, “Photoresponse of sol-gel synthesized ZnO nanorods,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84, pp. 5022, 2004.

Kunwar, F. B., Yadav, R. K., Singh, H. & Tripathi, N. (2025). XAI_MLPCNN: A Novel Explainable AI-Based Deep Learning Framework for Stress Identifi cation. Journal of Computer Science, 21(5), 1156-1167. https://doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2025.1156.1167.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, et al. Scientific, Little Lion. "IMPROVED DEEP LEARNING WITH SELF-ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR ACCURATE STRESS DETECTION: CASCADED CNN_BILSTM_GRU METHOD." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 103.6 (2025). https://www.jatit.org/volumes/Vol103No6/2Vol103No6.pdf.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, et al. "Machine Learning in Higher Education using RF and SVM for Pedagogical Enhancement." 2025 3rd International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS). IEEE, 2025.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, et al. "Enhanced Student Stress Prediction in Higher Education Using a TriBranch CNN Framework." 2025 3rd International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS). IEEE, 2025.

Kadyan, Sunil, et al. "Human-Centric AI Applications for Remote Patient Monitoring." Blockchain and IoT Approaches for Secure Electronic Health Records (EHR). IGI global, 2024. 117-137.

Rana, Manisha, and Fateh Bahadur Kunwar. "A temporal domain audio steganography technique using genetic algorithm." 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom). IEEE, 2016.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, Manoj Kumar, and Sachin Rathee. "Photo acquisition system for GEO-tagged photo using image compression." 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom). IEEE, 2016.

Ranjan, Raju, Jayanthi Ranjan, and Fateh Bahadur Kunwar. "Key parameters modeling using Bayesian network in higher education: An Indian case based data analysis." 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom). IEEE, 2016.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, et al. “Completeness estimation model: Fault perspective”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), September 2018, Volume 5, Issue 9, ISSN-2349-5162.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, et al. “Complexity estimation model: Fault perspective”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), September 2018, Volume 5, Issue 9. ISSN-2349-5162.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, et al. “A Systematic Literature Review On Reliability: Fault Perspective”, International Journal of Research in Electronics and Computer Engineering (IJRECE), VOL. 6, ISSUE 3, JULY - SEPTEMBER 2108, ISSN: 2393-9028 (PRINT), ISSN: 2348-2281 (ONLINE)

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, Rakesh Kumar Yadav, and Hitendra Singh. "ENHANCING SMART GRID SECURITY: MITIGATING DATA POISONING USING EDGE COMPUTING, BLOCKCHAIN, AND DEEP LEARNING." (2025).

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, et al. ‘Software Quality Reliability Estimation Model: Fault Perspective” International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, ISO 3297:2007 Certified, Impact Factor 7.12,Vol. 10, Issue 1, January 2023, DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2023.10134.

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, Hitendra Singh Singh, and Rakesh Kumar Yadav Yadav. "Role of blockchain-enabled Secure Supply Chain management using IIoT for Anomaly detection in 6G." (2024).

Kunwar, Fateh Bahadur, Hitendra Singh, and Rakesh Kumar Yadav. "Efficient Encryption using Quondam Signature Algorithm and Modified Lean Six Sigma for Sustainability with Supply Chain Management." (2024).

S. E. Ahn, H. J. Ji, K. Kim, G. T. Kim, C. H. Bae, S. M. Park, Y. K. Kim, and J. S. Ha, “Origin of the slow photoresponse in an individual sol-gel synthesized ZnO nanowire,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, pp. 153106, 2007.

L. Peng, J. L. Zhai, D. J. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Zhang, S. Pang, and T. F. Xie, “Anomalous photoconductivity of cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanobelts in air,” Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 456, pp. 231, 2008.

R. K. Srivastava, N. Pandey, and S. K. Mishra, “Effect of Cu concentration on the photoconductivity properties of ZnS nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method,” Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, Vol. 16, pp. 1659, 2013.

A. Bera and D. Basak, “Carrier relaxation through two-electron process during photoconduction in highly UV sensitive quasi-one dimensional ZnO nanowires,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, pp. 053102, 2008.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-11

How to Cite

1.
Pandey N. Study Analysis of Photoconductivity of Zinc Oxide NPs and Bulk Zinc Oxide synthesized by Different Methods. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Jun.11 [cited 2025Sep.21];14(31S):808-1. Available from: https://jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/7272

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 31S (2025): Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Section

Original Article

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.