The Profile of Vascular Anomalies in Pediatric Patients at A Tertiary Referral Hospital in West Java, Indonesia
Keywords:
pediatric, vascular anomaly, vascular malformation, vascular tumourAbstract
Introduction: Vascular anomalies consist of a wide spectrum of pathologies, which are classified as either vascular tumours or vascular malformations. It is important for the clinician to be able to diagnose, classify, and manage variants of vascular anomalies. Objectives: We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, further examinations, and treatment recommendations of vascular anomalies in pediatric patients at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of all patients with vascular anomalies at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital between January 1st, 2019–December 31st, 2023. Data was obtained through the patient’s medical record, including gender, history of maternal gestational conditions, age of onset, age of diagnosis, clinical symptoms, location of the lesions, type of vascular anomalies, further examinations, and treatment recommendations. Results: Of the 25 patients included, the proportion was quite similar between vascular malformations (52%) and vascular tumours (48%). The skin lesions appeared mostly at birth, 84.6% for vascular malformations and 66.7% for vascular tumours, yet the age of diagnosis was mainly found at 2–10 years (46.2%) and 6–24 months (33.3%), respectively. All patients had been taken for medical advice, but only 8% obtained the correct specific diagnosis from previous medical records. Both vascular malformations (38.4%) and vascular tumours (41.7%) had major anatomical distribution on the head and neck. The most common diagnosis found in this study was capillary malformation (32%), with the primary clinical symptoms being pain and pruritus. Dermoscopic examination was the most frequent further examination performed (60%). Up to 32% of patients received a treatment plan that incorporated multiple modalities. Conclusion: Early identification of the type of vascular anomaly is important to determine the appropriate management and prognosis of the disease
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