Diagnosis And Approaches To Treatment Of Patients Of All Ages With Simultaneous Presentation Of Ent And Cardiovascular Pathologies And Neonatal Conditions
Keywords:
neonatology, ENT symptoms, cardiological problems, integrated diagnostics, interdisciplinary approach, comorbidity, vascular disorders, autoimmune diseases.Abstract
Modern medical practice increasingly encounters clinical cases where patients exhibit symptoms affecting multiple body systems simultaneously. A special risk group includes patients presenting complaints related to a combination of ENT (ear, nose, throat) pathologies, cardiovascular dysfunction, and neonatal conditions. These cases require not only high professional expertise from treating physicians but also coordinated efforts across multiple specialties—from neonatology to cardiothoracic surgery.
The presence of overlapping symptoms (e.g., dyspnea, cyanosis, reduced general tone, breathing disturbances) can complicate accurate diagnosis, especially when dealing with newborns or young children who are unable to clearly articulate their sensations. Moreover, interrelated pathologies may mask each other, increasing the risk of diagnostic errors and inappropriate therapy selection. This issue is relevant both for congenital developmental anomalies (such as nasopharyngeal hypoplasia combined with cardiac defects) and acquired conditions that complicate chronic disease progression.
This paper presents modern approaches to the comprehensive diagnosis of such conditions. Special attention is given to instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods—from endoscopic evaluation of ENT pathologies to echocardiography and duplex vascular scanning. Functional testing methods (ECG, spirometry, pulse oximetry) and their interpretation across different age groups are also discussed.
The influence of congenital and acquired factors on the development of combined pathologies is analyzed, including genetic syndromes, intrauterine infections, immunodeficiency states, and environmental exposures. Clinical case examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach in real-world settings.
In the treatment section, algorithms for selecting therapeutic strategies based on patient age, severity of condition, and prognosis are reviewed. Conservative treatment options, indications for surgical intervention, rehabilitation, and postoperative monitoring are described. Particular emphasis is placed on safety and minimizing risks when treating newborns and infants within the first year of life.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Kryukov A.I., Aksenova A.V., Zakharova A.F. Features of the epidemiology of chronic tonsillitis in modern conditions of specialized ENT care. Vestn. otorhinolaryngology. 2013; 3: 4-7.
Belov B.S. Acute rheumatic fever: the current state of the problem. RMJ. 2004; 6: 418-22.
Palchun V.T., Gurov A.V., Guseva O.A. Modern approaches to the diagnosis of diseases associated with chronic tonsillitis. Vestn. otorhinolaryngology. 2013; 3: 21-3.
Pagidipati NJ, Gaziano TA Assessment of mortality from cardiovascular diseases: a review of global methodologies for mortality measurement. Circulation. 2013;127:749–756.
Wong ND, Budoff MJ, Ferdinand K., Graham IM, Michos ED, Reddy T., Shapiro MD, Toth PP Risk assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: Statement of clinical practice of the American Society of Preventive Cardiology. Am. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2022;10:100335.
Kryukov A.I., Turovsky A.B., Zakharova A.F. et al. Prevention of complications of streptococcal diseases of the pharynx. Breast cancer. 2011; 24: 14-7.
Yalymova D.L., Vishnyakov V.V., Talalaev V.N. Chronic tonsillitis: diagnosis, classification, treatment. Polyclinic doctor's Handbook. 2014; 8: 29-31.
Sonja F., Nola IA Risk factor management of measurable variables of cardiovascular diseases. Curr. Cardiol. Rev. 2018;14:153-163.
Mahmoud R., Setorki M., Dudi M., Baradaran A., Nasri H. Atherosclerosis: process, indicators, risk factors and new hopes. Int. J. Prev. Med. 2014;5:927-946.
Ovchinnikov A.Yu., Gabedava V.A., Syrkin A.L. et al. Optimization of treatment of patients with comorbid chronic tonsillitis and cardiovascular pathology. Cons. Med. 2006; 8: 16-9.
Unger T., Borgi K., Charchar F., Khan N.A., Poulter N.R., Prabhakaran D., Ramirez A., Shlaikh M., Stergiu G.S., Tomashevsky M. et al. Global practical recommendations of the International Society for Hypertension 2020. Hypertension. 2020;75:1334–1357.
Back M., Yurdagul A., Jr., Tabas I., Yerni K., Kovanen P. Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic possibilities. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2019;16:389–406.
Wolf D., Ley K. Immunity and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 2019;124:315-327.
Weisong P. Hearing loss at low frequencies may indicate cardiovascular disease https://www.enttoday.org/article/low-frequency-hearing-loss-may-indicate-cardiovascular-disease/
Patel AP, Natarajan P. Completion of the genetic spectrum affecting coronary heart disease: from the germline to the somatic variation. Cardiovasc. Res. 2019; 115:830-843.
Hoffman, H.J., Dobie, R.A., Loshonzi, K.G., Temann, K.L., and Flamme, G.A. Reducing the prevalence of hearing loss in U.S. adults aged 20 to 69 years. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 143, 274–285 (2017).
Lawrence, B. J. et al. Hearing loss and depression in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontologist 60, e137–e154 (2020).
Umesawa, M., Sairenchi, T., Haruyama, Y. Nagao, M. and Kobashi, G. Association between hypertension and hearing impairment during medical examinations among Japanese workers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 9 , e028392 (2019).
Kurti, S. A. et al. the relationship between the general state of the cardiovascular system and hearing loss in a population-based study of Jackson's heart. Laryngoscope 130, 2879-2884 (2020).
Tan, HE et al. Associations between cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors with hearing loss — cross-sectional analysis. Clin. Otolaryngol. 43, 172-181 (2018).
Garcia, M., Malvag, S. L., Merz, K. N., Behring, J.E. and Manson, J. E. Cardiovascular diseases in women: clinical perspectives. Circ. Res. 118 , 1273-1293 (2016).
Torre, P. 3rd., Cruickshanks, KJ, Klein, be, Klein, R., and nondahl, DM The relationship between cardiovascular disease and cochlear function in human survivors. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 48 , 473–481 (2005).
D'Agostino, RB Sr. et al. General cardiovascular risk Profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 117, 743-753 (2008).
Shargorodsky, J. Kurkhan, S. G., Ivi, R. and Kurkhan, G. K. A promising study of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and accidental hearing loss in men. Laryngoscope 120, 1887-1891 (2010).
Cruickshanks, KJ et al. The prevalence of hearing disorders and related risk factors in a study of the health of the Hispanic community/Latin American Study. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 141 , 641-648 (2015).
Knockaert, D.C. Cardiac damage in systemic inflammatory diseases. Eur. Heart J. 2007 , 15 , 1797-1804.
Mavrogeni, S.; dimitroulas, T.; sfikakis, PP; kitas, GD Cardiac lesion in rheumatoid arthritis: multimodal imaging and a new role of cardiac magnetic resonance. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 , 43 , 314–324.
Pan, SY; Tian, HM; Zhu, Y.; GU, WJ; Zou, H.; Wu, XQ; Cheng, RJ; Yang, Z. Heart damage in autoimmune diseases: target organ damage that cannot be ignored. Front. Immunol. 2022, 13 , 1056400.
Gavalko, M.; balzam, p.; Lodz, p.; Grabowski, M.; Krzyzowski, B.; opolski, G.; Kosyuk Y. cardiac arrhythmias in autoimmune diseases. Circus, J. 2020 , 84 , 685-694.
Command, C.; cacoub, P. myocarditis in autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. Autoimmun. Rev. 2017 , 16 , 811–816.
Wassmuth, R.; Göbel, U.; Natusch, A.; Schneider, W.; Kettritz, R.; Dietz, R.; Luft, F.C.; Schulz-Menger, J. Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart reveals heart damage in Charles-Strauss syndrome. J. Card. Fail. 2008, 14 , 856-860.
Elderi, A., Al Ansari, A., Haidar, H., Al Khaburi, M. (2021). ENT diagnostics for systemic and inflammatory diseases. In: Al-Qahtani, A., Haidar, H., larem, A. (eds.) Textbook of clinical otolaryngology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54088-3_54
Trune DR, Nguyen-Huynh A. Vascular Pathophysiology in Hearing Disorders. Semin Hear. 2012 Aug;33(3):242-250
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
