Menstrual Hygiene Management: A Comprehensive Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Emerging Solutions

Abstract

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a crucial aspect of women's health, encompassing the practices and resources employed by individuals to address their menstrual needs in a safe and dignified manner. The way women and girls manage their periods is influenced by a myriad of factors, including cultural norms, socio-economic conditions, and accessibility to menstrual products and facilities. According to a report by UNICEF, approximately 1.8 billion people of menstruating age lack access to adequate facilities for menstrual hygiene management in their workplaces. This staggering statistic emphasizes the need to address infrastructural gaps that hinder women and girls from managing their menstruation with dignity. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that globally, 2.3 billion people lack basic sanitation services, adding a layer of complexity to menstrual hygiene management, especially in resource-constrained settings. As societies evolve, so too does the discourse around menstruation, pushing us to reevaluate traditional practices and embrace innovative approaches that promote not only physical well-being but also social equality and environmental sustainability. In this review, we embark on a journey to examine the multifaceted dimensions of menstrual hygiene management, recognizing its pivotal role in fostering a healthier and more inclusive world for women and girls.