Comparison of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment for Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Following Maxillofacial Surgery
Keywords:
Low Level Laser, Pulsed Electromagnetic Field, Temporomandibular Joint, Maxillofacial Surgeries, NSAID, University of Washington Quality of Life QuestionnaireAbstract
Aim: To assess the impact of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) compared to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) on intensity of pain and on increasing maximum mouth opening on temporomandibular joint after maxillofacial surgeries on the temporomandibular joint following maxillofacial surgeries.
Design: Prospective single blinded pretest-post test controlled randomized trial
Patients and Methods: This study involved sixty patients (20 males and 40 females) who reduced maximum mouth opening and decrease quality of life six weeks after maxillofacial surgeries. The participants, aged between 18 and 42 years, were selected from the Outpatient Oro and Maxillofacial Surgery department at Shebin Elkom Hospital for Specialized Surgeries. They were randomly assigned to two equal groups, each comprising thirty patients. Group (A): (Low-Level Laser group), Patients received treatment with an infrared diode laser, featuring a wavelength of 810 nm to 940 nm and a power output of 25 mW. The laser was administered to both sides of the face at points ST6 and ST7 for 40 seconds at each point, three times a week over four weeks. Furthermore, patients received Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs NSAIDs twice daily for the same four-week period.Group (B): (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field group) Patients underwent pulsed electromagnetic field treatment, with parameters set at 60 gauss power and a frequency of 50 Hz. The treatment was applied to both sides of the face for 15 minutes, three times a week, over a four-week period. Additionally, they were prescribed NSAIDs to be taken twice daily for the same duration the maximum mouth opening measured by Digital Vernier Caliper before and after 4 weeks of treatment and the impairment of quality of life measured by University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire before and after 1 month of treatment.
Results. this study provide support for the significant effectiveness of the pulsed electromagnetic field in decrease of maximal mouth opening and impairment of quality of life after maxillofacial surgeries as there was a significant increase in MMO of (PEMF group) compared with (LLLT group) post treatment (p = 0.001) with the percentage of 136.98 % for (PEMF group) compare to 121.17 % for (LLLT group) , and there was a significant improvement of qualiy of life of (PEMF group) compared with (LLLT group) post treatment (p = 0.001) with the percentage of 82.81%, for (PEMF group) compare to 58.53%. for (LLLT group) . Furthermore, there was significant difference observed between the two groups after the treatment. (p<0.001) in a favor of (PEMF group).
Conclusion. Both low-level laser and pulsed electromagnetic field play a significant role in increasing of maximal mouth opening and improvement of qualiy of life after maxillofacial surgeries. However, pulsed electromagnetic field is more efficacious than low-level laser treatment for increasing of maximal mouth opening and improvement of qualiy of life after maxillofacial surgeries.
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