Eco-Friendly Approaches to Disease Management in Horticulture: Integrating Biological Control and Organic Practices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i17S.4587Keywords:
Eco-friendly, Disease management, Horticulture, Biological control, Organic farming, Integrated approaches, Sustainable agriculture, Plant resilience, Microbial antagonists, Soil healthAbstract
The growing need for environmentally benign methods of managing diseases in horticulture has fuelled the development of sustainable alternatives to conventional disease control. Synthetic pesticides in conventional management have led to environmental contamination, human health hazards, and the emergence of resistant pathogens and pests. Integrating biological control with organic methods has emerged as a viable approach for sustainable horticulture. Biological control operates by suppressing pest and pathogen populations through natural enemies such as beneficial insects and microorganisms, offering specificity, persistence, and environmental compatibility. Organic practices emphasize soil health management through compost, cover crops, and organic amendments, enhancing microbial communities and plant resilience. This review synthesizes current research on the integration of these approaches, examining their efficacy, limitations, and implementation challenges across diverse horticultural systems. We explore how these integrated strategies can reduce synthetic pesticide dependence, minimize environmental impacts, and enhance production of safe, nutritious horticultural crops by harnessing the power of natural ecosystems. Recent advances in microbial inoculants, plant-microbe interactions, and precision application technologies are discussed as emerging frontiers in eco-friendly disease management.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Albrecht, M., Kleijn, D., Williams, N.M., Tschumi, M., Blaauw, B.R., Bommarco, R., Campbell, A.J., Dainese, M., Drummond, F.A., Entling, M.H., & Ganser, D. (2020). The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis. Ecology Letters, 23(10), 1488-1498.
Angeli, D., Puopolo, G., Maurhofer, M., Gessler, C., & Pertot, I. (2020). Is the mycoparasitic activity of Ampelomyces quisqualis biocontrol strains related to phylogeny and hydrolytic enzyme production? Biological Control, 153, 104425.
Ayars, J.E., Fulton, A., & Taylor, B. (2021). Subsurface drip irrigation in California—here to stay? Agricultural Water Management, 203, 304-313.
Backer, R., Rokem, J.S., Ilangumaran, G., Lamont, J., Praslickova, D., Ricci, E., Subramanian, S., & Smith, D.L. (2018). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: context, mechanisms of action, and roadmap to commercialization of biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1473.
Balafoutis, A.T., Koundouras, S., Anastasiou, E., Fountas, S., & Arvanitis, K. (2020). Life cycle assessment of two vineyard systems with different precision farming techniques in Greece. Sustainability, 12(14), 5829.
Balogh, B., Jones, J.B., Momol, M.T., Olson, S.M., Obradović, A., King, P., & Jackson, L.E. (2021). Improved efficacy of newly formulated bacteriophages for management of bacterial spot on tomato. Plant Disease, 95(8), 1035-1041.
Banerjee, S., Walder, F., Büchi, L., Meyer, M., Held, A.Y., Gattinger, A., Keller, T., Charles, R., & van der Heijden, M.G. (2022). Agricultural intensification reduces microbial network complexity and the abundance of keystone taxa in roots. The ISME Journal, 13, 1722-1736.
Barzman, M., Bàrberi, P., Birch, A.N.E., Boonekamp, P., Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S., Graf, B., Hommel, B., Jensen, J.E., Kiss, J., Kudsk, P., & Lamichhane, J.R. (2022). Eight principles of integrated pest management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35, 1199-1215.
Bauwens, S., Gotlieb, A., & Plank, A. (2022). Factors affecting smallholder farmers' adoption of organic agricultural practices: A systematic literature review. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 28(3), 251-274.
Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M.A., Raza, S., Khan, M.I., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, N., & Zhang, L. (2019). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth regulation: implications in abiotic stress tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1068.
Berlanas, C., López-Manzanares, B., & Gramaje, D. (2023). Integrative management strategies for tomato soilborne diseases: A long-term study in commercial Mediterranean greenhouses. Plant Disease, 107(6), 1589-1601.
Blin, K., Shaw, S., Kloosterman, A.M., Charlop-Powers, Z., van Wezel, G.P., Medema, M.H., & Weber, T. (2022). antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities. Nucleic Acids Research, 49(W1), W29-W35.
Boedeker, W., Watts, M., Clausing, P., & Marquez, E. (2020). The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-19.
Bonanomi, G., Cesarano, G., Lombardi, N., Motti, R., Scala, F., Mazzoleni, S., & Incerti, G. (2018). Litter chemistry explains contrasting feeding preferences of bacteria, fungi, and higher plants. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-10.
Bonanomi, G., Lorito, M., Vinale, F., & Woo, S.L. (2020). Organic amendments, beneficial microbes, and soil microbiota: toward a unified framework for disease suppression. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 56, 1-20.
Bongiorno, G., Postma, J., Bünemann, E.K., Brussaard, L., de Goede, R.G., Mäder, P., Tamm, L., & Thuerig, B. (2019). Soil suppressiveness to Pythium ultimum in ten European long-term field experiments and its relation with soil parameters. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 133, 174-187.
Boretti, A., & Rosa, L. (2019). Reassessing the projections of the world water development report. NPJ Clean Water, 2(1), 1-6.
Bowles, T.M., Mooshammer, M., Socolar, Y., Calderón, F., Cavigelli, M.A., Culman, S.W., Deen, W., Drury, C.F., Garcia y Garcia, A., Gaudin, A.C., & Harkcom, W.S. (2020). Long-term evidence shows that crop-rotation diversification increases agricultural resilience to adverse growing conditions in North America. One Earth, 2(3), 284-293.
Bradman, A., Kogut, K., Eisen, E.A., Jewell, N.P., Quirós-Alcalá, L., Castorina, R., Chevrier, J., Holland, N.T., Barr, D.B., Kavanagh-Baird, G., & Eskenazi, B. (2022). Variability and predictors of urinary pesticide metabolites in rural and urban pregnant women: The CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(10), 1311-1319.
Brandes, E., McNunn, G.S., Schulte, L.A., Bonner, I.J., Muth, D.J., Babcock, B.A., Sharma, B., & Heaton, E.A. (2021). Subfield profitability analysis reveals an economic case for cropland diversification. Environmental Research Letters, 13(11), 114000.
Brennan, E.B., & Acosta-Martinez, V. (2019). Cover cropping frequency is the main driver of soil microbial changes during six years of organic vegetable production. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 131, 99-109.
Brühl, C.A., Zaller, J.G., Liess, M., Wogram, J., & Staffa, C. (2021). Biodiversity decline as a consequence of an inappropriate environmental risk assessment of pesticides. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9, 643847.
Carrión, V.J., Perez-Jaramillo, J.E., Cordovez, V., Tracanna, V., De Hollander, M., Ruiz-Buck, D., Mendes, L.W., van Ijcken, W.F., Gomez-Exposito, R., Elsayed, S.S., & Mohanraju, P. (2022). Pathogen-induced activation of disease-suppressive functions in the endophytic root microbiome. Science, 366(6465), 606-612.
Chaplin-Kramer, R., O'Rourke, M.E., Blitzer, E.J., & Kremen, C. (2021). A meta-analysis of crop pest and natural enemy response to landscape complexity. Ecology Letters, 14(9), 922-932.
Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Fu, X., Li, Y., & Wang, Q. (2022). Streptomyces sp. strain A01 as a potential biocontrol agent against potato common scab: Isolation, identification, and in vitro and field evaluation. Microbiological Research, 256, 126932.
Chouinard, G., Firlej, A., & Cormier, D. (2019). Exclusion netting approach to control spotted-wing drosophila in blueberry fields: Results of a 3-year study. Insects, 9(3), 124-128.
Christensen, L., Jablonski, B.B., & O'Hara, J.K. (2019). School districts and their local food supply chains: Results from a national farm to school census. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 34(3), 207-215.
Cimini, A., Messean, A., & Moonen, A.C. (2023). Research investments in organic farming systems - A comparative analysis of European agricultural research priorities. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 47(2), 179-201.
Cole, L.J., Stockan, J., & Helliwell, R. (2022). Buffer strips as multifunctional landscape elements: quantifying trade-offs and synergies between biodiversity conservation, diffuse pollution mitigation, and agricultural production. Land Use Policy, 123, 106411.
Comby, M., Lacoste, S., Baillieul, F., Profizi, C., & Dupont, J. (2022). Spatial and temporal colonization of Burgundy vineyards by naturally occurring biocontrol agents. Biological Control, 167, 104822.
Cook, R.J. & Baker, K.F. (1983). The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.
Cooley, H., Gleick, P.H., Abraham, S., & Cai, W. (2021). Water and the COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on municipal water demand. Pacific Institute Report.
Couëdel, A., Seassau, C., Wirth, J., & Alletto, L. (2019). Crucifer glucosinolate production in legume-crucifer cover crop mixtures. European Journal of Agronomy, 85, 23-33.
Crossland, M., Paez Valencia, A.M., Pagella, T., Magaju, C., Kiura, E., Winowiecki, L., & Sinclair, F. (2021). Onto participatory agroforestry's role in landscape scaling: Examples from eastern African highlands. Sustainability Science, 8(2), 1-16.
Crowder, D.W., & Reganold, J.P. (2015). Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(24), 7611-7616.
Curl, C.L., Porter, J., Penwell, I., Phinney, R., Ospina, M., & Calafat, A.M. (2019). Effect of a 24-day organic diet intervention on urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations in healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial. Environmental Health, 18(1), 1-12.
Delbridge, T.A., Fernholz, K., King, R.P., & Lazarus, W. (2023). A whole-farm profitability analysis of organic and conventional cropping systems. Agricultural Systems, 138, 1-10.
Durán, P., Viscardi, S., Meier, A.R., & Dong, Y. (2023). Designing rhizosphere microbiomes to improve plant health and stress resilience. New Phytologist, 234(3), 778-794.
Fabregas, R., Kremer, M., & Schilbach, F. (2019). Realizing the potential of digital development: The case of agricultural advice. Science, 366(6471), eaay3038.
FAO (2022). The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2022 – Systems at breaking point. Rome, FAO.
Feldmann, C., & Hamm, U. (2020). Consumers' perceptions and preferences for local food: A review. Food Quality and Preference, 40, 152-164.
Finckh, M.R., Junge, S.M., Schmidt, J.H., & Weedon, O.D. (2020). Intra- and interspecific plant diversity enhances disease and arthropod suppression at different spatial scales. Plant Pathology, 69(4), 669-683.
Finney, D.M., White, C.M., & Kaye, J.P. (2021). Biomass production and carbon/nitrogen ratio influence ecosystem services from cover crop mixtures. Agronomy Journal, 108(1), 39-52.
Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (2023). FRAC Code List 2023: Fungal control agents sorted by cross resistance pattern and mode of action. CropLife International, Brussels, Belgium.
Gattinger, A., Muller, A., Haeni, M., Skinner, C., Fliessbach, A., Buchmann, N., Mäder, P., Stolze, M., Smith, P., Scialabba, N.E.H., & Niggli, U. (2019). Enhanced top soil carbon stocks under organic farming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(44), 18226-18231.
Gaudin, A.C., Tolhurst, T.N., Ker, A.P., Janovicek, K., Tortora, C., Martin, R.C., & Deen, W. (2015). Increasing crop diversity mitigates weather variations and improves yield stability. PloS One, 10(2), e0113261.
Geiger, F., Bengtsson, J., Berendse, F., Weisser, W.W., Emmerson, M., Morales, M.B., Ceryngier, P., Liira, J., Tscharntke, T., Winqvist, C., & Eggers, S. (2010). Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland. Basic and Applied Ecology, 11(2), 97-105.
Gil, E., Campos, J., Ortega, P., Llop, J., Gras, A., Armengol, E., Salcedo, R., & Gallart, M. (2020). DOSAVIÑA: Tool to calculate the optimal volume rate and pesticide amount in vineyard spray applications based on a modified leaf wall area method. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 160, 117-130.
Gopi, R., Avasthe, R.K., Kalita, H., Yadav, A., Das, S.K., & Rai, D. (2020). Eco-friendly management of tomato late blight using botanicals, bio-control agents, compost tea and copper fungicides. Indian Phytopathology, 73(1), 89-95.
Granatstein, D., Andrews, P., & Groff, A. (2020). Performance of organic and conventional apple production systems in Washington State. Acta Horticulturae, 1286, 205-212.
Hadar, Y., & Papadopoulou, K.K. (2022). The use of compost for the control of plant diseases. In: Biological Control of Plant Diseases, 275-296. Springer, Cham.
Hansen, Z.R., Everts, K.L., Fry, W.E., Gevens, A.J., Grünwald, N.J., Gugino, B.K., Johnson, D.A., Johnson, S.B., Judelson, H.S., Knaus, B.J., & McGrath, M.T. (2022). Genetic structure of US and Canadian Phytophthora infestans populations reveals clonal lineage displacement. Plant Pathology, 115(5), 1698-1705.
Hanschen, F.S., & Winkelmann, T. (2020). Biofumigation for fighting replant disease—A review. Agronomy, 10(3), 425.
Harman, G.E., Doni, F., Khadka, R.B., & Uphoff, N. (2021). Endophytic strains of Trichoderma increase plants' photosynthetic capability. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 130(2), 529-546.
Hatfield, J.L., & Dold, C. (2019). Water-use efficiency: advances and challenges in a changing climate. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 103.
Heimpel, G.E., Yang, Y., Hill, J.D., & Ragsdale, D.W. (2013). Environmental consequences of invasive species: greenhouse gas emissions of insecticide use and the role of biological control in reducing emissions. PloS One, 8(8), e72293.
Hewavitharana, S.S., & Mazzola, M. (2020). Combination of anaerobic soil disinfestation and Pseudomonas-based biofumigation for control of Fusarium wilt of strawberry. HortScience, 54(4), 695-701.
Hoekstra, A.Y., & Mekonnen, M.M. (2012). The water footprint of humanity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(9), 3232-3237.
Holb, I. (2021). Effect of four non-chemical sanitation treatments on leaf litter density and ascospore production of Venturia inaequalis in integrated and organic apple orchards. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 120(3), 227-238.
Jaber, L.R., & Ownley, B.H. (2018). Can we use entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes for dual biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens? Biological Control, 116, 36-45.
Jones, J.B., Vallad, G.E., Iriarte, F.B., Obradović, A., Wernsing, M.H., Jackson, L.E., Balogh, B., Hong, J.C., & Momol, M.T. (2023). Bacteriophages for prophylactic and therapeutic use against bacterial plant diseases. Phytopathology, 102(6), 560-572.
Karlen, D.L., Cambardella, C.A., Kovar, J.L., & Colvin, T.S. (2022). Soil quality response to long-term tillage and crop rotation practices. Soil and Tillage Research, 133, 54-64.
Keene, C.L., Curran, W.S., Wallace, J.M., Ryan, M.R., Mirsky, S.B., VanGessel, M.J., & Barbercheck, M.E. (2022). Cover crop termination timing is critical in organic rotational no-till systems. Agronomy Journal, 109(1), 272-282.
Kennedy, C.M., Lonsdorf, E., Neel, M.C., Williams, N.M., Ricketts, T.H., Winfree, R., Bommarco, R., Brittain, C., Burley, A.L., Cariveau, D., & Carvalheiro, L.G. (2020). A global quantitative synthesis of local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in agroecosystems. Ecology Letters, 16(5), 584-599.
Koch, E., Zink, P., & Ullrich, J. (2022). Bottom rot of lettuce—Effect of high temperature on the efficacy of seed treatment with microbial and non-microbial agents. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 156(4), 1345-1358.
Köhl, J., Kolnaar, R., & Ravensberg, W.J. (2019). Mode of action of microbial biological control agents against plant diseases: relevance beyond efficacy. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 845.
Lamichhane, J.R., Aubertot, J.N., Begg, G., Birch, A.N.E., Boonekamp, P., Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S., Hansen, J.G., Hovmøller, M.S., Jensen, J.E., Jørgensen, L.N., & Kiss, J. (2022). Advancing integrated pest management in European agriculture. Science, 14(6), 1-10.
Larkin, R.P., Honeycutt, C.W., & Griffin, T.S. (2023). Effects of integrated crop management systems on soilborne diseases of potato in Maine. Plant Disease, 94(8), 1035-1048.
Lefebvre, M., Langrell, S.R., & Gomez-y-Paloma, S. (2022). Incentives and policies for integrated pest management in Europe: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(1), 27-45.
Letourneau, D.K., Aguiar, J.L., Bowles, T.M., Brugger, S.O., Navarrete, L., & Parr, M. (2021). Strip cropping systems to enhance predator efficacy and pest regulation services in annual crops. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 1-31.
Levidow, L., Zaccaria, D., Maia, R., Vivas, E., Todorovic, M., & Scardigno, A. (2014). Improving water-efficient irrigation: Prospects and difficulties of innovative practices. Agricultural Water Management, 146, 84-94.
Li, C., He, X., Zhu, S., Zhou, H., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Yang, J., Fan, J., Yang, J., Wang, G., & Long, Y. (2020). Crop diversity for yield increase. PLoS One, 4(11), e8049.
Liang, Y., Nikolic, M., Bélanger, R., Gong, H., & Song, A. (2022). Silicon in agriculture: from theory to practice. Springer, Netherlands.
López-Mondéjar, R., Kostovčík, M., Lladó, S., Carro, L., & García-Fraile, P. (2022). Exploring the plant microbiome through multi-omics approaches. In: Plant Microbiome Protocols, 1-24.
Lori, M., Symnaczik, S., Mäder, P., De Deyn, G., & Gattinger, A. (2017). Organic farming enhances soil microbial abundance and activity—A meta-analysis and meta-regression. PloS One, 12(7), e0180442.
Lowder, S.K., Skoet, J., & Raney, T. (2019). The number, size, and distribution of farms, smallholder farms, and family farms worldwide. World Development, 87, 16-29.
Lu, H., Xie, H., & Leng, Y. (2022). Determinants of farmers' adoption of agricultural machinery in China. Sustainability, 14(5), 2878.
Lugtenberg, B. (2021). Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions: Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Cham.
Luján Soto, R., Cuéllar Padilla, M., & de Vente, J. (2021). Participatory assessment of soil health and sustainable land management in Spain using the regenerative agriculture self-evaluation tool. Land Use Policy, 113, 105900.
Lupatini, M., Korthals, G.W., de Hollander, M., Janssens, T.K., & Kuramae, E.E. (2021). Soil microbiome is more heterogeneous in organic than in conventional farming system. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 560.
Lupia, F., & Pulighe, G. (2022). Water use and urban agriculture: Estimation and water saving scenarios for residential kitchen gardens. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 4, 50-58.
MacLeod, A., Wratten, S.D., Sotherton, N.W., & Thomas, M.B. (2019). 'Beetle banks' as refuges for beneficial arthropods in farmland: long-term changes in predator communities and habitat. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 6(2), 147-154.
MacRae, R.J., Frick, B., & Martin, R.C. (2022). Economic, ecological and social indicators for organic transition strategies in Canadian agriculture. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 22(4), 205-216.
Magarey, R.D., Sutton, T.B., & Thayer, C.L. (2022). A simple generic infection model for foliar fungal plant pathogens. Phytopathology, 95(1), 92-100.
Majsztrik, J.C., Ristvey, A.G., & Lea-Cox, J.D. (2022). Water and nutrient management in the production of container-grown ornamentals. Horticultural Reviews, 38, 253-296.
Martínez-García, L.B., Korthals, G., Brussaard, L., Jørgensen, H.B., & De Deyn, G.B. (2021). Organic management and cover crop species steer soil microbial community structure and functionality along with soil organic matter properties. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 263, 70-79.
Martinez-Medina, A., Pascual, J.A., Lloret, E., & Roldan, A. (2022). Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma harzianum and their effects on Fusarium wilt in melon plants grown in seedling nurseries. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(11), 1843-1850.
Matsuda, T., Tsuchiya, K., & Yamaji, E. (2022). An analysis of the adoption of environmental management systems and environment-friendly agriculture in Japan. Journal of Rural Economics, 94(4), 348-353.
Mazzola, M., & Freilich, S. (2018). Prospects for biological soilborne disease control: application of indigenous versus synthetic microbiomes. Phytopathology, 107(3), 256-263.
McHugh, A.D., Tullberg, J.N., & Freebairn, D.M. (2020). Controlled traffic farming restores soil structure. Soil and Tillage Research, 104, 164-172.
Messelink, G.J., Bennison, J., Alomar, O., Ingegno, B.L., Tavella, L., Shipp, L., Palevsky, E., & Wäckers, F.L. (2021). Approaches to conserving natural enemy populations in greenhouse crops: current methods and future prospects. BioControl, 59(4), 377-393.
Müller, A., Schader, C., Scialabba, N.E.H., Brüggemann, J., Isensee, A., Erb, K.H., Smith, P., Klocke, P., Leiber, F., Stolze, M., & Niggli, U. (2021). Strategies for feeding the world more sustainably with organic agriculture. Nature Communications, 8(1), 1-13.
Myers, J.R., McKenzie, L., & Voorrips, R.E. (2022). Brassica breeding: Challenges and perspectives for sustainable development. Euphytica, 183(3), 281-291.
Naor, A. (2021). Irrigation scheduling and evaluation of tree water status in deciduous orchards. Horticultural Reviews, 32(111), 111-166.
Naranjo, S.E., Ellsworth, P.C., & Frisvold, G.B. (2019). Economic value of biological control in integrated pest management of managed plant systems. Annual Review of Entomology, 60, 621-645.
Noble, R., & Coventry, E. (2021). Suppression of soil-borne plant diseases with composts: a review. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 15(1), 3-20.
O'Neill, T.M., Rafferty, A., & Walter, M. (2023). Management of Botrytis in high tunnel tomato production: Use of cultivar resistance, climatic modification, and cultural practices. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 1156, 111-116.
O'Shaughnessy, S.A., Evett, S.R., & Colaizzi, P.D. (2021). Dynamic prescription maps for site-specific variable rate irrigation of cotton. Agricultural Water Management, 159, 123-138.
Onstad, D.W., Crespo, A.L., Pan, Z., De Sanctis, J.H., Viana, L.A., Vicente, J.F., Pilcher, C.D., & Koch, R.L. (2021). Blended refuge and insect resistance management for insecticidal corn. Environmental Entomology, 47(1), 210-219.
Pagiola, S. (2019). Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics, 65(4), 712-724.
Pertot, I., Prodorutti, D., Colombini, A., & Pasini, L. (2022). Trichoderma atroviride SC1 prevents Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum infection of grapevine plants during the grafting process in nurseries. BioControl, 61(3), 257-267.
Pethybridge, S.J., Hay, F.S., Clarkson, J.P., Gent, D.H., Wilson, C.R., Pruess, K.P., & Pike, K.S. (2021). Host range of Australian isolates of Coniothyrium minitans. Australasian Plant Pathology, 37(5), 521-529.
Peruzzi, A., Raffaelli, M., Fontanelli, M., Frasconi, C., & Martelloni, L. (2023). Physical weed control in organic carrot: an application of the precision agriculture principles. Frontiers in Agronomy, 5, 1080644.
Pimentel, D., & Burgess, M. (2014). Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States. Integrated pest management, 47-71.
Pinto, L., Ippolito, A., & Baruzzi, G. (2021). Control of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry fruit by dipping with solutions of thyme oil components. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 27(6), 513-519.
Plantegenest, M., Le May, C., & Fabre, F. (2019). Landscape epidemiology of plant diseases. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 4(16), 963-972.
Poeplau, C., & Don, A. (2015). Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils via cultivation of cover crops–A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 200, 33-41.
Ponisio, L.C., M'Gonigle, L.K., Mace, K.C., Palomino, J., de Valpine, P., & Kremen, C. (2015). Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1799), 20141396.
Prajapati, S., Kumar, N., Kumar, S., & Maurya, S. (2020). Biological control a sustainable approach for plant diseases management: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(2), 1514-1523.
Pretty, J., & Bharucha, Z.P. (2015). Integrated pest management for sustainable intensification of agriculture in Asia and Africa. Insects, 6(1), 152-182.
Raaijmakers, J.M., Vlami, M., & De Souza, J.T. (2022). Antibiotic production by bacterial biocontrol agents. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 81(1), 537-547.
Raghuvanshi, V.V., Kumar, P., Patel, S.N., & Siddharth, P. (2023). Eco-friendly Management of Plant Diseases. International Journal of Plant Protection, 16(1), 167-175.
Reganold, J.P., & Wachter, J.M. (2020). Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature Plants, 2(2), 15221.
Reilly, J.R., Artz, D.R., Biddinger, D., Bobiwash, K., Boyle, N.K., Brittain, C., Brokaw, J., Campbell, J.W., Daniels, J., Elle, E., & Ellis, J.D. (2020). Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 287(1931), 20200922.
Reiss, E.R., & Drinkwater, L.E. (2018). Cultivar mixtures: a meta-analysis of the effect of intraspecific diversity on crop yield. Ecological Applications, 28(1), 62-77.
Rejesus, R.M., Mutuc-Hensley, M., Mitchell, P.D., Coble, K.H., & Knight, T.O. (2022). U.S. agricultural producer perceptions of climate change. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 38(2), 247-266.
Rempelos, L., Almuayrifi, A.M., Baranski, M., Tetard-Jones, C., Eyre, M., Shotton, P., Cakmak, I., Öztürk, L., Cooper, J., Volakakis, N., & Schmidt, C. (2022). Effects of agronomic management and climate on leaf phenolic profiles, disease severity, and grain yield in organic and conventional wheat production systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(40), 10369-10379.
Renard, D., & Tilman, D. (2019). National food production stabilized by crop diversity. Nature, 571(7764), 257-260.
Roesch-McNally, G.E., Basche, A.D., Arbuckle, J.G., Tyndall, J.C., Miguez, F.E., Bowman, T., & Clay, R. (2021). The trouble with cover crops: Farmers' experiences with overcoming barriers to adoption. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 33(4), 322-333.
Rosskopf, E.N., Burelle, N., Hong, J., Butler, D.M., Noling, J.W., He, Z., Booker, B., & Sances, F. (2021). Comparison of anaerobic soil disinfestation and drip-applied organic acids for raised-bed specialty crop production in Florida. Acta Horticulturae, 1044, 221-228.
Rouphael, Y., & Colla, G. (2020). Editorial: Biostimulants in agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1602.
Russo, T.A., Fisher, A.T., & Winslow, D.M. (2023). Assessment of managed aquifer recharge sites using a variable saturated flow model and optimization techniques. Water Resources Research, 51(6), 4941-4957.
Saad, M.M., Eida, A.A., & Hirt, H. (2022). Tailoring plant-associated microbial inoculants in agriculture: from lab to field. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 605704.
Sandhu, H.S., Wratten, S.D., Cullen, R., & Case, B. (2021). The future of farming: The value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable land. An experimental approach. Ecological Economics, 64(4), 835-848.
Sang, M.K., Chun, S.C., & Kim, K.D. (2021). Biological control of Phytophthora blight of pepper by antagonistic rhizobacteria selected from a sequential screening procedure. Biological Control, 46(3), 424-433.
Saravanakumar, D., Muthumeena, B., Lavanya, N., Suresh, S., Rajendran, L., Raguchander, T., & Samiyappan, R. (2021). Pseudomonas-induced defence molecules in rice plants against leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) pest. Pest Management Science, 63(7), 714-721.
Schilder, A.M., Gillett, J.M., & Sysak, R.W. (2023). Evaluation of environmentally friendly products for anthracnose fruit rot control on day-neutral strawberries. International Journal of Fruit Science, 10(4), 379-389.
Schmidt, R., Gravuer, K., Bossange, A.V., Mitchell, J., & Scow, K. (2019). Long-term use of cover crops and no-till shift soil microbial community life strategies in agricultural soil. PloS One, 13(2), e0192953.
Schreinemachers, P., Simmons, E.B., & Wopereis, M.C. (2020). Tapping the economic and nutritional power of vegetables. Global Food Security, 16, 36-45.
Schut, M., Klerkx, L., Sartas, M., Lamers, D., Campbell, M.M., Ogbonna, I., Kaushik, P., Atta-Krah, K., & Leeuwis, C. (2020). Innovation platforms: Experiences with their institutional embedding in agricultural research for development. Experimental Agriculture, 52(4), 537-561.
Shafi, J., Tian, H., & Ji, M. (2021). Bacillus species as versatile weapons for plant pathogens: a review. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 31(3), 446-459.
Sharma, A., Shahzad, B., Rehman, A., Bhardwaj, R., Landi, M., & Zheng, B. (2021). Response of phenylpropanoid pathway and the role of polyphenols in plants under abiotic stress. Molecules, 24(13), 2452.
Sharma, H.S.S., Selby, C., Carmichael, E., McRoberts, C., Rao, J.R., Ambrosino, P., Chiurazzi, M., Pucci, M., & Martin, T. (2022). Physicochemical analyses of plant biostimulant formulations and characterisation of commercial products by instrumental techniques. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 3(1), 1-19.
Sharma, P., & Gavkare, O. (2022). Integrated pest management: principles and practices. Scientific Publishers.
Shelton, A.C., & Tracy, W.F. (2023). Participatory plant breeding for organic farming systems. Sustainability, 10(2), 325.
Shennan, C., Muramoto, J., Koike, S., Baird, G., Fennimore, S., Samtani, J., Bolda, M., Dara, S., Daugovish, O., Lazarovits, G., & Butler, D. (2022). Anaerobic soil disinfestation is an alternative to soil fumigation for control of some soilborne pathogens in strawberry production. Plant Pathology, 67(1), 51-66.
Silva, V., Mol, H.G., Zomer, P., Tienstra, M., Ritsema, C.J., & Geissen, V. (2019). Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils–A hidden reality unfolded. Science of the Total Environment, 653, 1532-1545.
Snapp, S., Kerr, R.B., Smith, A., Ollenburger, M., Mhango, W., Shumba, L., Gondwe, T., & Kanyama-Phiri, G. (2022). Modeling and participatory farmer-led approaches to food security in a changing world: A case study from Malawi. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 28(3), 234-247.
Sparks, T.C., & Nauen, R. (2015). IRAC: Mode of action classification and insecticide resistance management. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 121, 122-128.
Steinmetz, Z., Wollmann, C., Schaefer, M., Buchmann, C., David, J., Tröger, J., Muñoz, K., Frör, O., & Schaumann, G.E. (2019). Plastic mulching in agriculture. Trading short-term agronomic benefits for long-term soil degradation? Science of the Total Environment, 550, 690-705.
Suansia, A., & Samal, K.C. (2021). Vegetable grafting: A sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for soil-borne pest and disease management. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(1), 1634-1642.
Tariq, M., Khan, A., Asif, M., Khan, F., Ansari, T., Shariq, M., & Siddiqui, M.A. (2020). Biological control: a sustainable and practical approach for plant disease management. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B—Soil & Plant Science, 70(6), 507-524.
Taylor, M., & Sudarshana, P. (2022). Participatory research methods for effective knowledge co-production in organic agriculture: The case of Northern Uganda. Journal of Rural Studies, 93, 228-237.
Trendov, N.M., Varas, S., & Zeng, M. (2022). Digital technologies in agriculture and rural areas. FAO: Rome, Italy.
Tuck, S.L., Winqvist, C., Mota, F., Ahnström, J., Turnbull, L.A., & Bengtsson, J. (2014). Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 51(3), 746-755.
USGS (United States Geological Survey) (2021). Pesticides in U.S. Streams and Rivers: Occurrence and Trends during 1992–2018. USGS Circular 1470.
van der Heijden, M.G., De Bruin, S., Luckerhoff, L., Van Logtestijn, R.S., & Schlaeppi, K. (2022). A widespread plant-fungal-bacterial symbiosis promotes plant biodiversity, plant nutrition and seedling recruitment. The ISME Journal, 10(2), 389-399.
van der Wurff, A.W., Fuchs, J.G., Raviv, M., & Termorshuizen, A.J. (2022). Handbook for composting and compost use in organic horticulture. BioGreenhouse COST Action FA 1105, www.biogreenhouse.org.
van Lenteren, J.C., Bolckmans, K., Köhl, J., Ravensberg, W.J., & Urbaneja, A. (2020). Biological control using invertebrates and microorganisms: plenty of new opportunities. BioControl, 63(1), 39-59.
van Rijn, P.C., Kooijman, J., & Wäckers, F.L. (2022). The contribution of floral resources and honeydew to the performance of predatory hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Biological Control, 67(1), 32-38.
Vega, F.E., Goettel, M.S., Blackwell, M., Chandler, D., Jackson, M.A., Keller, S., Koike, M., Maniania, N.K., Monzón, A., Ownley, B.H., & Pell, J.K. (2021). Fungal entomopathogens: new insights on their ecology. Fungal Ecology, 2(4), 149-159.
Verdenelli, R.A., Conforto, C., Peyret, P., Ituarte-Lima, C., Salomone, R., Rovira, P., Vargas-Gil, S., & Zhang, J. (2019). Effects of agricultural inputs on soil microbial community composition and activity: A meta-analysis of freshwater studies. Science of The Total Environment, 690, 654-665.
Vergine, P., Lonigro, A., Salerno, C., Rubino, P., Berardi, G., & Pollice, A. (2022). Nutrient recovery and crop production enhancement using treated wastewater for an innovative integrated farming model in semi-arid areas. Water Research, 123, 728-736.
Waddington, H., Snilstveit, B., Hombrados, J., Vojtkova, M., Phillips, D., Davies, P., & White, H. (2022). Farmer field schools for improving farming practices and farmer outcomes: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 1-335.
Wang, H., Hu, Z., Long, F., Niu, C., Yuan, Y., & Yue, T. (2020). Characterization of osmotolerant yeasts and yeast-like molds from apple orchards and apple juice processing plants in China and their spoilage potential. Journal of Food Science, 80(8), M1850-M1860.
Wang, M., Yu, S., Wang, L., & Qin, H. (2021). Bacterial composition and diversity as influenced by different agricultural soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 167, 104043.
Wang, X., He, M., Pu, C., Jiang, P., Wang, J., & Xue, Y. (2022). Long-term farmyard manure application affects soil microbial communities by altering the soil properties. European Journal of Soil Science, 72(6), 2481-2494.
Wei, Z., Yang, T., Friman, V.P., Xu, Y., Shen, Q., & Jousset, A. (2022). Trophic network architecture of root-associated bacterial communities determines pathogen invasion and plant health. Nature Communications, 6(1), 8413.
Weisberger, D., Nichols, V., & Liebman, M. (2019). Does diversifying crop rotations suppress weeds? A meta-analysis. PloS One, 14(7), e0219847.
White, K., MacDonnell, R., & Dahl, D.W. (2021). That's not how I remember it: Willfully ignorant memory for ethical product attribute information. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(2), 352-369.
WHO (World Health Organization) (2020). The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019. World Health Organization.
Willer, H., Trávníček, J., Meier, C., & Schlatter, B. (2023). The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2023. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM – Organics International.
Williams, A., Davis, A.S., Ewing, P.M., Grandy, A.S., Kane, D.A., Koide, R.T., Mortensen, D.A., Smith, R.G., Snapp, S.S., Spokas, K.A., & Stuart, A. (2021). A comparison of soil health metrics for a rotation and cover crop experiment across the Northern Corn Belt. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 316, 107620.
Xiong, W., Zhao, Q., Zhao, J., Xun, W., Li, R., Zhang, R., Wu, H., & Shen, Q. (2019). Different continuous cropping spans significantly affect microbial community membership and structure in a vanilla-grown soil as revealed by deep pyrosequencing. Microbial Ecology, 70(1), 209-218.
Xiong, W., Song, Y., Yang, K., Gu, Y., Wei, Z., Kowalchuk, G.A., Xu, Y., Jousset, A., Shen, Q., & Geisen, S. (2021). Rhizosphere protists are key determinants of plant health. Microbiome, 8(1), 1-11.
Ye, L., Camps-Arbestain, M., Shen, Q., Lehmann, J., Singh, B., & Sabir, M. (2020). Biochar effects on crop yields with and without fertilizer: A meta-analysis of field studies using separate controls. Soil Use and Management, 36(1), 2-18.
Yoon, M.Y., Cha, B., & Kim, J.C. (2023). Recent trends in biological control of phytopathogenic fungi using microbial antagonists, natural products, and resistance inducers. Research in Plant Disease, 19(3), 141-149.
Zhang, J., Hu, L., Jiang, S., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Rice-rice-green manure rotations reduce nitrogen losses via leaching compared with rice-fallow rotations in a subtropical paddy field. Science of The Total Environment, 683, 24-30.
Zhang, S., Gan, Y., & Xu, B. (2022). Mechanisms of the plant growth promoting effects of endophytic Trichoderma: A review. Biological Control, 159, 104737.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
