The Detection of the Bacterial that cause Urinary Tract infection in women and Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on the Biofilm Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.3911Keywords:
Urinary tract infection (UTIs), L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, Hly-A, Hly-B, in-vitro, probioticAbstract
Of course, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infection in women. Microorganisms (M.O.) can produce potential virulence factors which are hemolysins or haemolysins. Probiotics are live harmless normal flora microorganisms, mostly represented by the strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and so on. However, when given in the right dosages, these microorganisms aid the health of the host. In this study, an attempt was made to isolate species of gram-negative bacteria from urinary tract infection, and test the in-vitro antibiotic and selected probiotic species against some pathogenic bacteria and search for hemolysin genes. A total of 200 urine specimens were obtained from patients with UTIs, consisting of 100 pregnant (50%) and 100 non-pregnant (50%), patients. Gram staining and microscopically analyses of bacterial colonies were done. Pathogen species were identified by biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. The well diffusion method and agar spot method were used to assess the effectiveness of probiotics against a group of isolated bacteria. Virulence genes of bacterial isolates were detected by PCR. The results revealed that 120 out of 200 urine specimens (60%) had significant bacteriuria. UPEC was present in 32/120 (26.7%) of the cultured samples, P. aeruginosa in 7/120 (5.8%), and P. mirabilis in 4/120 (3.3%). PCR diagnosis of 16S rRNA in isolates was 100% positive. E. coli isolates were 100% positive for both Hly-A and Hly-B genes. P. aeruginosa Hly-1 (plcH) and Hly-2 (exlA) were 85.7% and 71.4% positive, respectively. P. mirabilis Hly-A (hmpA) and Hly-B (hmpB) were 50% and 75% positive, respectively. The UPEC and P. mirabilis isolates showed higher resistance levels to lincomycin, rifampin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, colistin, and nalidixic acid (100%). In susceptibility testing using the well diffusion method, L. acidophilus was effective against 77% (P = 0.008) and L. plantarum against 90% (P = 0.003). In the agar spot method, L. acidophilus was effective against 82% (P = 0.005) and L. plantarum against 95% (P = 0.004). Most isolates were resistant to colistin, nalidixic acid, and azithromycin. The investigation into this mode of AR, found that Hly-A and Hly-B genes in bacterial cells enable them to be resistant to antibiotics. It has been found that Lactobacillus spp. do have antibacterial efficacy against in vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria, but junctional test indicates that whereas they can prevent the completely formation of strong biofilm in all isolates, they cannot inhibit the biofilm formation in all isolates for all period of observation.
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