Development And Evaluation Of Apremilast-Loaded Nanosponges For Enhanced Wound Healing: A Novel Topical Drug Delivery System

Abstract

Topical drug delivery technologies are useful for targeted treatment, and nanosponges, with porous designs that can improve drug stability, bioavailability, and controlled release, are becoming increasingly feasible possibilities. The main goal of this research is to create and assess topical nanosponges that contain apremilast to improve wound healing. The PDE4 inhibitor apremilast, which is used to treat inflammatory illness, was introduced to nano-sponges using the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. To minimize particle size, enhance drug release, and optimize encapsulation efficiency, the formulation was optimized using a two-factor, three level experimental approach. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the nano-sponges. Based on its high degree of crystallinity, structural integrity, and melting point (154- 157°C), Apremilast’s physicochemical stability was confirmed by the results. SEM showed uniform, spherical nanosponges with a porous surface that are ideal for controlled release. A 24-hour controlled drug release of 95.85%, an entrapment efficiency of 82.75%, and a particle size of 213.85 nm were all demonstrated by the improved formulation. The intriguing results of this study addressing Apremilast- loaded nano-sponges as a new wound healing therapy warrant additional clinical investigation. These nano-sponges provide longer therapeutic effect, better medication stability, and more patient compliance.