Study Of Platelet Indices In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Associated Micro Vascular Complications.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes, a serious long-term condition, is considered one of the great global health challenges of the twenty-first century. An estimated 463 million people had diabetes in 2019, and this is expected to reach 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045.

The mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of the average size and activity of platelets. Larger platelets are younger and exhibit more activity. The increased platelet activity may play a role in the development of vascular complications of this metabolic disorder.

Objectives:

1) To determine platelet indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

2) To study association of platelet indices with microvascular complications in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

materials and methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in Department of Medicine of RL Jalappa Hospital, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar. A total of 30 cases were included in to the study and divided into 2 groups, one with diabetic and one without diabetic. HbA_1c values were conducted. A comprehensive blood count analysis, including the platelet indices (MPV, PDW, and P-LCR), was performed on the sample using a five-part differentiated automated hematology analyzer within two hours after venepuncture

Result: The present study consisted of 30 subjects divided into 2 groups of 15 each, cases (I) and controls (II). The average MPV in diabetics was 8.76 ± 1.25 fL as compared to the controls where it was 8.8 ± 0.96 fL with a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. PDW among the cases was12.18 ± 1.8 fL, while in controls, it was 11.82 ± 1.99 FL (p=0.001). The mean P-LCR was 32.35 ± 6.57 among the cases, in comparison to the mean P-LCR among the controls, which was 29.0 ± 5.79 (p=0.001). In this study, the MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were significantly raised in individuals having diabetes with microvascular complications when compared with patients without complications. The mean MPV in diabetics with complications was 8.84 ± 1.29 fL and in those without complications was 8.71 ± 1.05 fL (with a p-value of P = 2×10−3) which is statistically significant. Similar results were obtained in cases of PDW and P LCR. The mean PDW in diabetics with complications was 12.46 ± 2.2 fL and without complications was 11.86 ± 1.51 fL ((with a p-value of P = 2×10−3)). The mean P-LCR in diabetics with microvascular complications was 30.69 ± 5.17 and without complications was 31.6 ± 7.37

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, there is a statistical correlation between type 2 diabetes and variations in platelet indices, resulting in the associated microvascular complications. Higher MPV, PDW, and P-LCR values suggest that these parameters are more reliable predictors of early vascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be utilized as an easy-to-use, low-cost method. They are a readily available, economical, practical, noninvasive, and simple-to-understand approach for assessing platelet dysfunction, which in turn helps anticipate the existence of microvascular complications.