Development and Characterization of Copper Oxide and Copper-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Moringa oleifera: Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.3253Keywords:
Green Synthesis, Copper Oxide Nanoparticles, Copper Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Moringa oleifera, Antibacterial Activity, PhotocatalysisAbstract
The Study synthesizes and characterizes environmentally friendly synthesized copper oxide (CuO) and copper-zinc oxide (CuZnO) nanoparticles using extract from Moringa oleifera. Their optical antibacterial structural morphological photocatalytic properties were systematically studied for the precipitation method synthesis of nanoparticles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to ensure the presence of active biomolecules which could stabilize the nanoparticles, while the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles. The spheroidal morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and revealed that CuZnO showed more uniform dispersion with less agglomeration compared with CuO. Escherichia coli was used to measure the antibacterial activity of CuO and CuZnO nanoparticles by the agar well diffusion method. The results showed that CuZnO exhibited greater antibacterial activity by synergetic effect between copper ions and zinc ions. In the photocatalytic experiment, it has also shown that CuZnO nanoparticles significantly improved the degradation efficiency of Malachite Green (MG) dye, with 95% degraded under UV light irradiation. Degradation kinetics pseudo-first-order model, and the degradation rate exhibited a direct proportion relation to the concentration of catalyst. These findings suggest that CuO and CuZnO nanoparticles may be promising candidates for environmental remediation and biomedical applications. Due to their multifaceted features, high stability, and Benign synthesis environment, they are good candidates for antimicrobial coatings, wastewater treatment, and several nanotechnology applications. In future studies, focus should be placed on application, scalability, and functional property enhancement.
Downloads
Metrics
References
R. Shashanka, Jayaprakash, G. K., Prakashaiah, B. G., Kumar, M., & Kumara Swamy, B. E. (2022). Electrocatalytic determination of ascorbic acid using a green-synthesised magnetite nano-flake modified carbon paste electrode by cyclic voltammetric method. Materials Research Innovations, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2021.1945795
Shashanka, R., & Ceylan, K. B. (2020). The activation energy and antibacterial investigation of spherical Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles prepared by Crocus sativus (Saffron) flowers. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 10(4), 5951-5959. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC104.951959
Shashanka, R., Abdullah Cahit, K., Yusuf, C., & Orhan, U. (2020). A fast and robust approach for the green synthesis of spherical magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles by Tilia tomentosa (Ihlamur) leaves and its antibacterial studies. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 26(2), 175-183. https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.APS.05915
W. Ahmad, S.C. Bhatt, M. Verma, V. Kumar, H. Kim A review on current trends in the green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles, characterizations, and their applications Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag., 18 (2022), p. 100674
M. Pirhashemi, A. Habibi-Yangjeh, S. Rahim Pouran Review on the criteria anticipated for the fabrication of highly efficient ZnO-based visible-light-driven photocatalysts J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 62 (2018), pp. 1-25
H. Agarwal, S. Venkat Kumar, S. Rajeshkumar A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles – an eco-friendly approach Resour.-Eff. Technol., 3 (2017), pp. 406-413
W. Ahmad, A. Pandey, V. Rajput, V. Kumar, M. Verma, H. Kim Plant extract mediated cost-effective tin oxide nanoparticles: a review on synthesis, properties, and potential applications Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem., 4 (2021), p. 100211
W. Ahmad, D. Kalra, Green synthesis, characterization and anti-microbial activities of ZnO nanoparticles using Euphorbia hirta leaf extract J. King Saud Univ. Sci., 32 (2020), pp. 2358-2364
Azizi-Lalabadi, M., Ehsani, A., Alizadeh-Sani, M., & Divband, B. (2019). Antibacterial activity of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized by Lactobacillus plantarum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Scientific Reports, 9, 13630.
Xia, X., Wang, Y., Ruditskiy, A., & Xia, Y. (Funabiki). 25th Anniversary Article: Galvanic Replacement: A Versatile Route to Hollow Nanostructures with Tunable and Well-Controlled Properties. Advanced Materials, 28(45), 10517–10528. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201601291
Ahmed, S., Annu, Ikram, S., & Yudha, S. S. (2023). Plant-Based Copper Oxide Nanoparticles; Biosynthesis, Characterization and Their Antimicrobial Activities. Catalysts, 13(2), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020348
Gadewar, M., Prashanth, G. K., Babu, M. R., Dileep, M. S., Prashanth, P., Rao, S., & Mahadevaswamy, M. (2024). Unlocking nature's potential: Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their multifaceted applications - A concise overview. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 28(1), 101774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2023.101774
Yin et al., 2015 Hameed, A. S. H., Karthikeyan, C., Ahamed, A. P., Thajuddin, N., Alharbi, N. S., Alharbi, S. A., & Ravi, G. (2016). In vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO and Nd doped ZnO nanoparticles against ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Scientific Reports, 6, 24312. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24312
Kashyap, P., Kumar, S., Riar, C.S., Jindal, N., Baniwal, P., Guiné, R.P.F., Correia, P.M.R., Mehra, R., & Kumar, H. (2022). Recent Advances in Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Bioactive Compounds: Composition, Health Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Dietary Applications. Antioxidants, 11(2), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020402
Gupta et al., 2023). Gupta, R., Kuppusamy, P., & Doss, C. G. P. (2023). Moringa oleifera: An updated comprehensive review of its pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and ethnomedicinal uses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032098
Sahoo, S., Gedefaw, D., & Mitiku, M. (2020). Carbon sequestration potential of Moringa oleifera in the drylands of Ethiopia. Cogent Environmental Science, 6(1), 1778996. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1778996
Singh, A., et al. (2023). Moringa oleifera Lam.: A comprehensive review on active ingredients, pharmacological activities, applications in food and cosmetics industries and safety considerations. RSC Advances, 13, 290–310. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA03584K
W. Ahmad, K.K. Jaiswal, S. Soni Green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by using Mentha arvensis leaves extract and its antimicrobial properties Inorg Nano-Met. Chem. (2020), 10.1080/24701556.2020.1732419
W. Ahmad, S. Singh, S. Kumar Phytochemical Screening and antimicrobial study of Euphorbia hirta extracts J. Med. Plants Stud., 5 (2) (2017), pp. 183-186
Saleh, M. M. A., Ali, T. M. M., & Ali, R. M. Q. (2023). Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaves extract. University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 27(2), 335–345. https://doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2023.n2.a14
Das, P. E., Abdul, S. N., Al-Yousef, I. A., & Mohammed, A. F. (2020). Green synthesis of encapsulated copper nanoparticles using a hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and assessment of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Molecules, 25(3), 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030555
R. Shashanka, P. Taslimi, A.C. Karaoglanli, O. Uzun, E. Alp, G. KudurJayaprakashe Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in wastewater and enzymatic inhibition study using cauliflower shaped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a novel One-pot green synthesis method Arab. J. Chem., 14 (6) (2021), p. 103180
R. Shashanka Investigation of optical and thermal properties of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles prepared by Crocus Sativus (Saffron) flower extract J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 18 (2) (2021), pp. 415-427
R. Shashanka, B.E. Kumaraswamy Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Acacia melanoxylon and their application as dopamine and hydrogen peroxide sensors Phys. Chem. Res., 8 (1) (2020), pp. 1-18
R. Shashanka, V.M. yilmaz, A.C. Karaoglanli, O. Uzun Investigation of activation energy and antibacterial activity of CuO nano-rods prepared by Tilia Tomentosa (Ihlamur) leaves Moroc. J. Chem., 8 (2) (2020), pp. 497-509
S. Noreen, G. Mustafa, S.M. Ibrahim, S. Naz, M. Iqbal, M. Yaseen, T. Javed, J. Nisar Iron oxide (Fe2O3) prepared via green route and adsorption efficiency evaluation for an anionic dye: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics studies J. Mater. Res. Technol., 9 (2020), pp. 4206-4217, 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.02.047
M.-C. María, L.-C. Marta, J.L. Barriada, H. Roberto, E. Manuel, de V. Sastre, Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Development of magnetic hybrid materials for efficient as (V) removal, Chem. Eng. J. 301 (2016) 83–91.
C.P. Devatha, T. Arun Kumar, K. Swetha, Green synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles using different leaf extracts for treatment of domestic wastewater, J. Clean. Prod. 139 (2016) 1425–1435.
A.A. Khaleel, Nanostructured Pure c-Fe2O3 via forced precipitation in an organic solvent, Chem. Eur J. 10 (2004) 925–932.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
