Effects Of Climate Change On Agriculture And Food Supply

Abstract

Climate change and extreme events will become key factors adversely affecting the food security and increasing undernourishment and malnutrition (Hughes, 2020). Considering the impacts of climate change, agriculture sector including crops and livestock is adversely affected and at risk due to subsequent vulnerabilities caused by climate change. Wheat and rice are among the major food crops that have reacted negatively to global warming in the last three decades, though the yield responses have still been under consideration and satisfied grain yields have been observed in various regions (Raza et al, 2019). Food production (net of food utilized for biofuels) must increase by 70% up till 2050 under the projected mean risen temperature conditions of nearly 4°C to meet the food requirements for an additional 2.3 billion population (totally 9.6 billion; FAO, 2009; Molotolcs et al., 2021). However, to meet this food requirements by end of this century will be more challenging due to uncontrolled and uneven climate changes. Hunger is associated with multiple ranges of concerns, ranging from nutrient deficiencies due to shocks in the accessibility of food to persisting food shortages. There are several intertwined relationships between malnutrition and poverty which subject toward hunger due to limited supply and availability of food in terms of quantity and quality (Siddiqui et al., 2020). Alongside, micronutrient deficiencies in routine diet have become a huge global health concern, impacting nearly one third global population. Micronutrient deficiencies render. Moreover, healthy governance among institutions is necessary to achieve the SGRs through important approaches which involve participatory measures, reflexivity, policy coherence, mitigation, adaptation and most importantly the democratic institutions. Action-based research is necessary to inscribe the climate change impacts on food security and the worldwide challenge to undermine the GHGs emissions from the agricultural sector. Past research findings have defined the dire need for both increased changes in agricultural production systems (like introducing new crop cultivars and better management measures for crops, livestock, fisheries and agro-forestry), and transformational changes (like trade shifts, diet changes, and motivating several environmental services....