Electrochemical Investigation of Sodium Potassium Tartrate as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid
Keywords:
Mild steel; Sodium potassium tartrate; Corrosion inhibition; Hydrochloric acid; Potentiodynamic polarization; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Surface morphology.Abstract
The corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid ("HCl" ) presents severe operational challenges in industrial operations such as acid pickling, descaling, and chemical cleaning. This study investigates the corrosion inhibition performance of sodium potassium tartrate (SPT), an environmentally benign compound, for mild steel in 1 M "HCl" using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gravimetric measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that SPT acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, significantly reducing corrosion current density (I_"corr" ) while increasing polarization resistance (R_p). EIS spectra showed a significant increase in charge-transfer resistance (R_"ct" ) accompanied by a decrease in double-layer capacitance (C_"dl" ), confirming the formation of a protective adsorbed interfacial film on the steel surface. Surface morphology analysis by SEM validated these findings, displaying a smooth surface microstructure for SPT-treated specimens compared to severe intergranular pitting and damage on uninhibited specimens. Adsorption of tartrate species occurs via oxygen-bearing carboxylate and hydroxyl functional groups onto active anodic and cathodic sites. Overall, sodium potassium tartrate demonstrates high efficacy as a non-toxic, eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aggressive acidic environments..
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