Clinical and pharmacological assessment of side effects with prolonged use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v15i1s.10434Keywords:
inhaled glucocorticosteroids, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, side effects, clinical and pharmacological assessment, safety of therapy, inhalation therapy, oral candidiasis, dysphonia, systemic effects of glucocorticosteroidsAbstract
Inhaled glucocorticosteroids are the basis of the basic therapy of bronchial asthma and an important component of the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Despite the high clinical efficacy and predominantly local effect, long-term use of these drugs may be accompanied by the development of local and systemic side effects, which determines the need for their comprehensive clinical and pharmacological assessment.
The article presents an analysis of current data on the safety of long-term use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, discusses the main mechanisms of formation of adverse reactions, their structure and clinical manifestations. Special attention is paid to the risk factors for side effects, including the dose of the drug, duration of therapy, inhalation technique and individual characteristics of patients.
It has been shown that local side effects (oral candidiasis, dysphonia, irritation of the mucous membrane) are most common, while systemic reactions occur less frequently, but have a more significant clinical significance (decreased bone mineral density, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, ophthalmological complications, etc.). The need for an individual approach to the choice of therapy and regular safety monitoring is emphasized.
The results of the study indicate the importance of the rational use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids using minimally effective doses and preventive measures to reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
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