Agro-Homoeopathy in Sustainable Agriculture: A Critical Review of Plant Growth Promotion, Stress Tolerance, and Crop Protection Applications.
Keywords:
Agro-Homoeopathy; Sustainable agriculture; Plant growth promotion; Abiotic stress tolerance; Crop protection; Ultra-high dilutionsAbstract
Agriculture faces increasing pressure to improve productivity while reducing synthetic agrochemical impacts. Within sustainable agriculture, Agro-Homoeopathy has emerged as a low-cost, environmentally friendly complementary approach. This review synthesizes experimental evidence on highly diluted and succussed homeopathic preparations in crop management, focusing on plant growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and disease management. Laboratory and greenhouse studies report improvements in seed germination, plant growth, biomass accumulation, salinity/heavy metal tolerance, and reduced disease severity. However, the field remains controversial due to concerns regarding biological plausibility, reproducibility, and a shortage of large-scale field trials. This review critically evaluates the available evidence, identifies methodological limitations, and outlines priorities for future investigations, including standardized protocols and molecular studies...
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