Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity potential of propolis against selected oral pathogens using in-vitro method
Keywords:
Propolis, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, oral pathogensAbstract
Background: Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees and is known for its antimicrobial and therapeutic properties. It has gained attention in oral healthcare due to its ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms associated with dental infections.
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity potential of propolis against selected oral pathogens using an in-vitro approach.
Materials and methods: Propolis extract was prepared using ethanol extraction and subjected to antibacterial analysis against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method at different concentrations of the extract. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed using zebrafish embryo assay to determine cell viability and toxicological effects. The zones of inhibition and percentage of viability were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Propolis extract demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli, with greater inhibition observed against S. mutans. The antimicrobial effect increased with higher extract concentrations. Cytotoxicity analysis using zebrafish embryos showed a concentration-dependent decrease in viability. However, lower concentrations exhibited comparatively better biocompatibility, indicating reduced toxic effects within the tested range.
Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that propolis exhibited notable antibacterial activity against the tested oral pathogens. Increased concentrations of the extract showed enhanced inhibitory effects on microbial growth. The cytotoxicity assay revealed acceptable biocompatibility at lower concentrations, indicating its relative safety. Therefore, propolis may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for oral healthcare applications
Downloads
References
1.Matsumoto-Nakano M. Role of Streptococcus mutans surface proteins for biofilm formation. Japanese Dental Science Review. 2018 Feb 1;54(1):22-9.
2. Hassan AO, Ojo BO, Abdulrahman AO. Escherichia coli as a global pathogen. Funksec here. 2021 Jul 28;3(1):239-60.
3. Hossain R, Quispe C, Khan RA, Saikat AS, Ray P, Ongalbek D, Yeskaliyeva B, Jain D, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Kiani R. Propolis: An update on its chemistry and pharmacological applications. Chinese medicine. 2022 Aug 26;17(1):100.
4. Huang S, Zhang CP, Wang K, Li GQ, Hu FL. Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules. 2014 Nov 26;19(12):19610-32.
5. Zulhendri F, Lesmana R, Tandean S, Christoper A, Chandrasekaran K, Irsyam I, Suwantika AA, Abdulah R, Wathoni N. Recent update on the anti-inflammatory activities of propolis. Molecules. 2022 Dec 2;27(23):8473.
6. Przybyłek I, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial properties of propolis. Molecules. 2019 May 29;24(11):2047.
7. Almuhayawi MS. Propolis as a novel antibacterial agent. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2020 Nov 1;27(11):3079-86.
8. Otręba M, Marek Ł, Tyczyńska N, Stojko J, Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Olczyk P, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Propolis as natural product in the oral cavity bacterial infections treatment: a systematic review. Applied Sciences. 2022 Oct 9;12(19):10123.
9 .Saeed MA, Khabeer A, Faridi MA, Makhdoom G. Effectiveness of propolis in maintaining oral health: a scoping review. Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene. 2021 Oct 1;55(3):167.
10 .Lessman CA. The developing zebrafish (Danio rerio): A vertebrate model for high‐throughput screening of chemical libraries. Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews. 2011 Sep;93(3):268-80.
11. Kanungo J, Cuevas E, F Ali S, Paule MG. Zebrafish model in drug safety assessment. Current pharmaceutical design. 2014 Oct 1;20(34):5416-29.
12. Wang P, Wang Z, Xia P, Zhang X. Concentration-dependent transcriptome of zebrafish embryo for environmental chemical assessment. Chemosphere. 2020 Apr 1;245:125632.
13. Bankova V, Trusheva B, Popova M. Propolis extraction methods: A review. Journal of apicultural research. 2021 Oct 20;60(5):734-43.
14. Boyanova L, Gergova G, Nikolov R, Derejian S, Lazarova E, Katsarov N, Mitov I, Krastev Z. Activity of Bulgarian propolis against 94 Helicobacter pylori strains in vitro by agar-well diffusion, agar dilution and disc diffusion methods. Journal of medical microbiology. 2005 May;54(5):481-3.
15. de Souza IR, Sivek TW, de Oliveira JB, Canavez AD, de Albuquerque Vita N, Schuck DC, de Souza IR, Cestari MM, Lorencini M, Leme DM. Cytotoxicity assays with zebrafish cell lines. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments). 2023 Jan 6(191):e64860.
16. Zulhendri F, Chandrasekaran K, Kowacz M, Ravalia M, Kripal K, Fearnley J, Perera CO. Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis: A review. Foods. 2021 Jun 11;10(6):1360.
17. Anitua E, Larrazabal Saez de Ibarra N, Morales Martín I, Saracho Rotaeche L. Influence of dental implant diameter and bone quality on the biomechanics of single-crown restoration. A finite element analysis. Dentistry journal. 2021 Sep 6;9(9):103.
18. Chi Y, Wang Y, Ji M, Li Y, Zhu H, Yan Y, Fu D, Zou L, Ren B. Natural products from traditional medicine as promising agents targeting at different stages of oral biofilm development. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022 Aug 12;13:955459.
19. Godhi BS, Jaishankar HP, Darla HT, Saha S, Sumana MN, Rudraswamy S. Indian Propolis Little Known and More to Explore for Dental Applications: A Review. Journal of Advanced Oral Research. 2022 May;13(1):7-13.
20. Więckiewicz W, Miernik M, Więckiewicz M, Morawiec T. Does propolis help to maintain oral health?. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013(1):351062.
21. Halboub E, Al-Maweri SA, Al-Wesabi M, Al-Kamel A, Shamala A, Al-Sharani A, Koppolu P. Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Jul 10;20(1):198.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
