Morphological and structural analysis of cementum of teeth extracted due to pathological and non-pathological conditions: SEM and EDS Analysis
Keywords:
Cementum, SEM, EDS analysis, Periodontitis, Mineral composition, Tooth morphology, Periodontal regeneration, FT-IR analysisAbstract
Introduction: Cementum plays a vital role in periodontal attachment and tooth stability. Pathological conditions such as periodontitis can alter its structural and mineral composition, leading to compromised periodontal integrity. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and compositional differences in cementum of teeth extracted due to pathological and non-pathological conditions.
Materials and Methods: A total of four extracted human teeth were included, comprising two pathological and two non-pathological samples. Specimens were cleaned, prepared, and analyzed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) for morphological assessment and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to assess functional group changes. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests.
Results: FT-IR analysis revealed reduced phosphate peak intensity in pathological cementum, indicating decreased mineral content, along with increased amide peaks suggesting collagen exposure. SEM analysis showed regular globular morphology in normal cementum, whereas pathological cementum exhibited irregular surfaces with resorption areas. EDS analysis demonstrated significantly lower calcium and phosphate levels and higher carbon content in pathological cementum (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Pathological conditions significantly alter the structural and mineral composition of cementum. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding cementum biology for improving periodontal regenerative therapies
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