An evaluation of the microbiological cleanliness of the herbal blood purifier compositions sold in India by Ayurvedic Physicians.
Keywords:
Herbal blood purifier formulations, viral infection, Microbial content, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coliAbstract
Background: Herbal blood purifier requires for the purification of blood which is sold by Ayurvedic Physicians.
Objective: Consumers are using unregistered herbal goods through Ayurvedic Physicians in order to alert them to the possibility of contamination of herbal products.
Method: The pour plate method was the one used in this investigation. At 37°C, the particular medium dishes were left to incubate for 24 hours. The plate of culture was placed on a colony counter and checked for microorganisms there.
Result: While formulae with the code numbers BP3,BP5, BP6,BP10had excessive levels of Staphylococcus aureus contamination, ingredients with the code numbers BP1,BP2 and BP8, BP9 were found to have excessive amounts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli contamination.
Conclusion: When dealing with therapeutic herbs for human consumption, the suggestions of the current research should be considered. The findings recommended that regular and systematic qualitative evaluation of extracted herbal materials is required to find out the over limits of heavy metal contaminants and microbial contamination before using them for human use or the processing for finished products of herbal drug dosages, so that possible heavy metal impurities does not reach to the herbal products..
Downloads
References
1. Choi DW, Kim JH, Cho SY, Kim DH, Chang SY, (2002) Regulation and quality control of herbal drugs in Korea, Toxicology,181-182,581-6.
2. Khanyile ZC, Singh N, Smith M, Shode FO, Mngomezulu S, Dewir YH, (2009) Camparative assesment of Bacterial contamination in commercial herbal product of Lessertiafutescens, Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci, 5, 494-9.
3. Dubey NK, Kumar A, Singh P, Shukla R, Microbial contamination of raw materials: A major reason for the decline of India’s share in the global herbal market, Curr. Sci, 95, 25 (2008).
4. K. Chan, (2003). Review: Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines. Chemosphere, 52: 1361–1371.
5. J. Zhang, B. Wider, H. Shang, X. Li, E. Ernst, (2012). Complement. Ther.Med., 20, (1– 2): 100-106
6. Sharma A.K, Gaurav S.S, Balkrishna. (2009). A rapid and simple scheme for the standardization of polyherbal drugs. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 3: 134- 140
7. Memory Elvin-Lewis, (2005). Safety issues associated with herbal ingredients Advances in food and nutrition research. Elsevier, 50: 222- 313.
8. Don Woong Choi. (2002). Regulation and quality control of herbal drugs in Korea. Toxicology, 181-182: 581-586.
9. Sabu MC and Kuttan R. (2002). Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81 (2):155- 160.
10. Adama K (2009). In vitro anthelmintic effect of two medicinal plants (Anogeissus leiocarpus and Daniellia oliveri) on Haemonchus contortus, an abosomal nematode of sheep inBurkina Faso. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(18): 4690-4695.
11. Kumar G, Karthik L and Rao KVB. (2010). In vitro anti-Candida activity of Calotropis gigantea against clinical isolates of Candida. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 3 (3): 539- 542.
12. Dhanabal SP. (2006). Hepatoprotective activity of the Indian medicinal plant Polygala arvensis on D-galactosamine-inducedhepatic injury in rats.Fitoterapia, 77 (6): 472-474.
13. Priya CL. (2010). Antioxidant activity of Achyranthes aspera Linn stem extracts. Pharmacology online, 2: 228-237.
14. P. sawat B. (1998). Screening for larvicidal activity of ten carminative plants. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 29 (3): 660-662.
15. Okunlola A, Babatunde A. Adewoyin and Oluwatoyin A. Odeku. (2007). Evaluation of Pharmaceutical and Microbial Qualities of Some Herbal Medicinal Products in South Western Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(1): 661-670.
16. WHO (1996). Annex II. Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. (WHO Technical Report Series No. 863), Geneva.
17. WHO, (1985). The WHO Traditional Medicine Programme: Pol- icy and Implementation. International Traditional Medi- cine Newsletter, Vol.1, No.1: pp.1-5.
18. WHO. (2000). General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva.
19. WHO. (2004). WHO Guidelines on Safety Monitoring of Herbal Medicines in Pharmacovigilance Systems. Geneva, Switzerland.
20. Burns, M.M. (2000). Alternative Medicine: Herbal Preparation. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 1: 186-190.
21. Vickers A. and Zollman, C. (1999). ABC of Complementary Medicine: Herbal Medicine. British Medical Journal, 319: 1050-1053
22. Mukherjee PK, Wahile AJ. (2006). Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. Ethnopharmacology, 103: 25.
23. Waterman R F, Sumner E D, Baldwin J N and Warren F W. (1973). Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on pharmaceutical oral solid dosage forms. J. Pharm. Sci., 62: 1317–1320.
24. Van Doorne H. and Claushauis EPM. (1979). The quantitative determination of Enterobacteriaceae in pharmaceutical preparations. International Journal of Pharmacy, 4: 119 - 125.
25. Abba D, Inabo HI, Yakubu SE, Olonitola OS. (2009) Contamination of herbal medicinal products marketed in Kaduna metropolis with selected pathogenic bacteria. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med; 6:70-7.
26. Sarfaraz Kazi, Sanjay Bais, (2022) An assessment of the microbiological quality of anti- viral churna sold in India by Ayurvedic medical practitioners. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research; 15(07): 160-162
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
