Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Culturally Responsive Leadership In Education: Integrating Maja Labo Dahu For School Quality Improvement

2025-03-22T06:27:24+00:00

The study examines the integration of Maja Labo Dahu, a leadership philosophy rooted in Bima’s local wisdom, into school management at SMA Negeri 1 Kota Bima to address challenges related to educational quality, student performance, and cultural integration. This research aims to analyze the core values of Maja Labo Dahu, evaluate their impact on school leadership and student outcomes, and propose a culturally responsive leadership framework. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, followed by an inductive thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the application of Maja Labo Dahu values—collective decision-making, prioritizing the common good, and mutual respect—significantly improves school governance, teacher performance, student engagement, and overall educational outcomes. The research highlights the role of culturally embedded leadership in fostering inclusivity, strengthening school-community relationships, and enhancing learning environments. This study contributes to the discourse on culturally responsive educational leadership by demonstrating how indigenous leadership philosophies can be systematically integrated into modern school management. The results offer practical implications for educational policymakers and school leaders in Indonesia, emphasizing the necessity of culturally informed leadership training and policy frameworks. Future research should explore the long-term effects of Maja Labo Dahu leadership on school performance and expand its application to different educational settings to assess its broader impact on educational quality and cultural preservation.

Evaluating The Vertebral Structure Using Ultrasound Examination At Manually Identified Midpoint Of Intracristal Line In Pregnant Women

2025-04-11T04:39:00+00:00

Introduction: In order to deliver subarachnoid blocks, the intercristal line and associated vertebral level have historically been found by manual palpation. However, an alternate method for precise vertebral identification is ultrasound examination.

Aim and Objective: To study the vertebral structure using ultrasound examination at manually identified midpoint of intracristal line in pregnant women.

Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Surgery with collaboration with Department of Anesthesia. It involved 200 pregnant women at term. Two independent observers estimated the vertebral space at the intercristal line– one using manual palpation and the other using ultrasound guidance. Determining the vertebral structure utilising ultrasound examination at the manually designated midway of the intercristal line in term pregnant women was the main outcome evaluated. Assessing the accuracy of manual palpation in identifying vertebral levels in comparison to ultrasound examination and analysing variables like Body Mass Index (BMI) that may affect the accuracy of vertebral level identification were the secondary outcomes evaluated.

Results: The study included 200 pregnant women with a mean age was 22.81±3.75 years in the study population. The mean gestational age (weeks) was 38.95±1.15 in the study population. The minimum gestational age was 37 weeks, and the maximum was 41 weeks. The mean pre-pregnant weight (kg) was 52.85±9.50 in the study population. The ultrasonographic assessment revealed that the manually palpated intercristal line corresponded to the L4 vertebra level in 50% of cases, the L3-L4 intervertebral space level in 30%, the intended L4-L5 intervertebral space level in 15%, the L5 vertebra level in 3%, and the L3 vertebra level in 2%.ultrasound examination showed that the manually palpated intercristal line was higher than the L4 vertebra or L4-L5 intervertebral space in 32% of the pregnant women.

Conclusion: According to the study, ultrasound examination, as opposed to manual palpation, may provide a more accurate way to identify spinal structures in pregnant women at term

INTEGRATING GENOMICS INTO DENTISTRY: BUILDING KNOWLEDGE, SHAPING PERSPECTIVES, AND ENHANCING PRACTICES

2025-03-20T05:06:59+00:00

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding genomics in dentistry among dental professionals in India.

Materials and Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 dental professionals, including undergraduates, postgraduates, academicians, and private practitioners. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to genomics. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was performed to identify associations between demographic factors and survey responses.

Results: The study revealed significant variations in awareness of genomics across different educational qualifications. The most knowledgeable individuals were undergraduate dental students, especially when it came to the Human Genome Project and genetics in preventative care. Just 61.3% of respondents were aware of genomics' use in diagnostics, but 93% of respondents acknowledged its potential in preventative dentistry. With 76.5% of respondents supporting genetic counselling services, the majority favoured incorporating genomic knowledge into dental practice and education. The lack of testing facilities (41.25%), cultural reasons like religious views (17%), and financial limitations (23%), were the main obstacles. Conclusion: The study highlights a positive perception of genomics among dental professionals but identifies significant gaps in knowledge and application, particularly among private practitioners. Targeted efforts to incorporate genomics into dental curricula, along with professional development programs, are essential to bridge these gaps and enhance the integration of genomics into dental practice.

Disorder of Sex Development and Associated Anomalies: A Cytogenetic study

2025-04-11T04:48:13+00:00

The correct spatiotemporal order and coordination of mutually antagonistic activating and repressing elements are essential for normal sex development. These elements control the unipotent gonad's commitment to the binary pathways that control typical sex development. Usually, the Y chromosome's SRY gene sets off a series of biochemical processes that result in the development of male sex. The term "disorders of sex development" refers to a broad category of congenital illnesses that are linked to abnormal internal and external genital development.

Generally speaking, these illnesses are ascribed to variations from the normal course of sex development. Chromosome, gonadal, and anatomic anomalies are some of the categories into which disorders of sex development can be divided. Novel genetic variations among DSD patients have been found using genomic methods like next-generation sequencing techniques and microarray investigations. Above all, patient care must be tailored to each patient, particularly when it comes to choices on sex of raising, surgery, hormone therapy, and the possibility of preserving fertility.

Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the disorder of sex development and associated anomalies.

Deep Learning for Plant Species Classification

2025-04-11T05:48:20+00:00

Classifying plant species is an important effort in agriculture, environmental conservation, and botanical study. This research presents a novel method for precise and effective plant species classification that makes use of deep learning techniques. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a subclass of deep learning models well-known for their performance in image identification tasks, are a key component of the suggested approach. A sizable collection of photos of different plant species taken in a range of growth phases and environmental circumstances is used to train the system. To improve the model's resilience to changes in image quality and appearance, a variety of preprocessing methods, such as image normalisation, augmentation, and noise reduction, are used. Test results show that the suggested deep learning strategy outperforms manually generated feature-based approaches and conventional machine learning techniques in the classification of plant species. High accuracy rates are attained by the CNN-based model in a variety of plant species, demonstrating its good generalisation to new data and handling of intricate botanical features. Additionally, the method is efficient and scalable, which makes it appropriate for real-world applications involving the large-scale classification of plant species. This research advances agricultural practices, biodiversity monitoring, and botanical research by automating the process of species identification. This ultimately makes it easier to manage plant resources sustainably and support environmental conservation initiatives

Detecting Unauthorized Access of Personal Device

2025-04-11T05:59:49+00:00

Unauthorized access to personal devices poses a severe concern to people's security and privacy in the digital age. The primary objective of this endeavour is to develop a dependable system for detecting and preventing such unauthorized access. The proposed system employs an interdisciplinary approach that integrates behaviour analysis, anomaly detection, and advanced authentication mechanisms. The system has robust authentication techniques, such as biometric identification and two-factor authentication, to ensure that only authorized users are allowed access. From then, users' interactions with the device are monitored through continuous behaviour analysis, which creates a baseline of normal behaviour. In the case that this baseline is deviated from, a warning signalling potential unauthorized access is issued. Algorithms for anomaly detection also identify peculiar behaviours or patterns, which enhances the system's ability to identify security breaches and respond quickly. Furthermore, the system incorporates machine learning models that adapt over time to new threats and emerging patterns. Updates and patches are frequently published to stay up to date with emerging attack methods. The proposed solution aims to safeguard confidential information and preserve user privacy in an increasingly interconnected environment by implementing this comprehensive approach and providing a proactive barrier against unauthorized access to personal devices.

Comprehensive Cloud Solution for Secure Text Transmission: Enhancing Privacy and Integrity in Digital Communication

2025-04-11T06:10:01+00:00

Given the increasing risks to data integrity and privacy in the current digital world, it is imperative that text data be transmitted securely over cloud platforms. Although cloud computing provides a scalable and economical infrastructure, it also puts private data at risk from cyberattacks, illegal access, and data breaches. Through the use of cutting-edge encryption algorithms, secure authentication mechanisms, and data integrity verification methods, this article offers a comprehensive cloud solution intended to improve the privacy and integrity of digital communication. By using a multi-layered security strategy and end-to-end encryption, the solution reduces the possibility of illegal parties intercepting data whether it is in transit or at rest. A hybrid encryption paradigm is used to increase security, combining symmetric encryption for effective data protection with asymmetric encryption for key exchange. This guarantees that potential attackers cannot understand the data, even if it is intercepted. Furthermore, data integrity is preserved by the use of secure hashing methods, which enable recipients to confirm the accuracy and completeness of the information they have received. Role-based access control (RBAC) and multi-factor authentication (MFA), which limit access to authorized users and provide accountability, are complementary to this architecture. Because the suggested solution is cloud-agnostic, it may be deployed easily across different cloud providers while upholding uniform security standards. Performance tests show that there is little impact on latency, indicating that the method is viable for real-time applications. Additionally, the system is made to adhere to legal requirements like GDPR and HIPAA, which addresses privacy issues and boosts user confidence. This all-inclusive method of secure text transmission is appropriate for sectors with strict security requirements, such as government, healthcare, and finance, since it not only protects data but also strengthens the dependability and integrity of digital communications in a cloud environment.

A Review in Tamil Palm Leaf Manuscript for Character Recognition

2025-04-11T06:26:00+00:00

More than two thousand years ago, the people of South Asia utilized palm leaf manuscripts for record-keeping and data transmission. These historical records contain value information for several age group peoples on a variety of themes, including culture, astronomy, mathematic, astrology and medicine. The valuable information is written in local languages these priceless records are damaged due to lack of maintained. Many researchers are dedicated to safeguarding the antique palm leaf scripts in order to preserve our priceless knowledge writings. However, as science and technology have advanced, images have become a vital means of transmitting information, and image processing has seen a surge in recent years. Numerous image processing techniques have been proposed for the efficient data retrieval, which includes image enhancement, segmentation, processing, restoration, compression and acquisition. Creating an effective image processing system to efficiently extract metadata from these manuscripts automatically is one of the goals. The world's oldest language is Tamil, and because writing styles vary greatly, it can be challenging from palm leaves to recognize ancient Tamil characters. Efficient feature extraction, selection, and character identification are necessary components of a system for identifying ancient Tamil characters. On this context, the study examines the literature on various techniques and strategies for locating, classifying, and extracting data from historical inscriptions inscribed on Tamil palm leaf manuscripts.

YOLOv8m: A Deep Learning Approach to Traffic Sign Recognition in CARLA and Speed control of Autonomous Vehicles

2025-04-11T06:34:17+00:00

Traffic sign detection acts as the eyes for autonomous vehicles, employing computer vision to decipher road signs for safe and compliant navigation. This technology tackles challenges like variable lighting and occlusions by leveraging deep learning models trained on diverse datasets. By interpreting signs accurately, autonomous vehicles can navigate roads confidently, paving the way for a safer future. Traffic sign detection in real-world scenarios faces a confluence of challenges: varying lighting and weather conditions can degrade sign visibility, partial or complete occlusions by other objects can hinder detection, and the sheer diversity of traffic signs across regions necessitates robust models capable of generalizability. The research utilizes a combined real-world (65%) and simulated (CARLA, 35%) dataset for training a YOLOv8m model for speed limit sign detection (30, 60, 90 km/h) in autonomous vehicles. Image augmentation and collaborative annotation via Makesense platform enrich the dataset. The model has achieved 98% accuracy rate in detecting speed limits on the road side, even in difficult situations. The model is evaluated in the CARLA simulator for controlled testing before real-world implementation

Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Intervention: A strategic approach to improve knowledge, attitude and behavioural changes regarding organ and tissue donation among health science students of Maharashtra

2025-04-11T06:46:18+00:00

Introduction: Organ and tissue donation is a life-saving act that plays a vital role in modern healthcare. Yet, there is a significant gap in awareness, knowledge, and positive attitude among the general population, especially youth. As future healthcare providers, health sciences students are expected to have accurate knowledge and a favourable attitude towards organ and tissue donation. In the current scenario, with increasing demand for organ transplants and low donation rates in India, there is an urgent need to promote awareness and behavioral change. Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) activities serve as an effective strategy to educate and motivate young health professionals about organ and tissue donation. Strengthening their knowledge and attitude can help in building a supportive environment for organ donation practices in the future.

Methodology: The present study adopted a quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental design consisting of experimental and control groups. The study was conducted among 600 first-year Health Sciences students selected through purposive sampling technique from various medical, nursing, and BAMS colleges of health science of Maharashtra. The data were collected using structured tools such as a knowledge questionnaire, behavioural change scale, and attitude scale. The IEC (Information, Education, and Communication) activity was implemented for the experimental group using educational sessions, posters, pamphlets, and audiovisual aids to enhance awareness regarding organ and tissue donation. Pre-test and post-test assessments were done to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Ethical permission was obtained from the institutional authorities, and informed consent was taken from participants.

Results: The present study adopted a quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental research design incorporating experimental and control groups to assess the effectiveness of significant association was found between the pre-test knowledge score and religion (p=0.044*), whereas other socio-demographic variables showed no significant association (p>0.05) with the pre-test knowledge score among health sciences students in the experimental group.

Discussion: The study revealed that IEC activities were effective in enhancing knowledge, improving attitude, and strengthening behavioural intentions regarding organ and tissue donation among health sciences students. The educational intervention positively influenced students irrespective of their socio-demographic background. However, religion was found to have a significant association with pre-test knowledge. Integrating organ donation awareness programs in health sciences education is essential for promoting positive behaviour and future advocacy

Development and Evaluation of Grape Seed Oil Body Butter: Skin Nourishment and Moisture Retention

2025-04-11T06:53:17+00:00

This study delves into the development and analysis of body butter enriched with grape seed oil, celebrated for its rich linoleic acid content and powerful antioxidants. The primary goal is to create a skincare product that enhances hydration, supports skin repair, and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. By incorporating grape seed oil alongside other natural components, the formulation emphasizes improved functionality and sensory qualities, such as texture and spreadability. The research further involves comprehensive assessments of its physical and chemical properties, stability over time, and compatibility with the skin, showcasing its potential as an effective and versatile option for everyday skincare.

To Evaluate the Haematological Changes at Different Trimesters during Pregnancy in Tertiary Care Centre

2025-04-11T10:22:53+00:00

Background: Pregnancy is the term used to describe the period in which a fetus develops inside a women’s womb or uterus. Pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks, or just over 9 months, as measured from the last menstrual period to delivery. During pregnancy, the pregnant mother undergoes significant anatomical and physiological changes including alterations in hematologic parameters in order to nurture and accommodate the developing foetus.

Aim:To assess the haematological changes at different trimesters during pregnancy.

Material & Method: Blood sample reports were taken from 150 pregnant women after taking informed consent that came for regular check-up. We have collected the CBC report from the patient and taken the haematological profile such as RBC, PCV, Hb and HCT parameters at different trimesters and includes socio-demographic parameters such as height, weight were measured and age, occupation, physical activity were noted.

Result: RBC’S mean value was 4.0979 ±0.54428, PCV mean value was 33.650 ±4.2068,Hb mean value was 11.189 ±1.5316, HCT mean value was 33.7390 ±3.94516. While comparing the haematological profile of different trimesters, We observed that haematological change occurred in all three trimesters ,RBC count decreased in 2^nd trimester, PCV progressively decreased from 1^st to 3^rd trimester, Hb showed slightly changes in 2^nd and 3^rd trimester and HCT slightly decreased in 2^nd trimester

Conclusion:This study concluded that pregnancy in women alters haematological indices such as packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count shows statistical decrease in 2^nd trimester because of expansion of plasma volume,increased secretion of aldosterone production by renin-angiotensin system stimulation & nutritional deficiency of iron supply. RBC count decreased in 2^nd trimester and the p value of RBC (0.000) shows statistically significant while packed cell volume decreased from 1^st trimester till 3^rd trimester and the p value of PCV and HB is not less than 0.05 which is not considered as statistical significant.

To Study The Correlation Between Activated Clotting Time And Hypothermia In Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass

2025-04-11T10:32:37+00:00

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass is a form of extracorporeal circulation whose function is to temporarily give circulatory and respiratory support along with temperature management to facilitate surgery on the heart and great vessels. Depending on the duration and extent of artificial surface exposure, anticoagulation is necessary in order to avoid the formation of thrombus in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. The fundamental principle underlying the use of hypothermia with CPB is decreasing temperature to reduce metabolic activity. The ACT is commonly used to assess the therapeutic effects of anticoagulant medications prior to the initiation of CPB.

Aim: This study aims to study the correlation between activated clotting time and hypothermia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Materials And Method: It is a prospective study of 50 pediatric patients ,who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass at tertiary cardiac care center. Pediatric patients aged between 0 to 10 years were included in this study. Adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, emergency surgeries and heparin resistance patients are excluded from this study. Heparin dosage, CPB duration, aortic cross clamp time, added priming solution, Activated clotting time and temperature of baseline , initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, during cardiopulmonary bypass , termination of cardiopulmonary bypass and protamine infusion were taken.

Results: Fifty paediatric patients underwent first time cardiopulmonary bypass were investigated. In which the baseline mean ACT was 150.24±26.617 secs at mean temperature of 36.466±0.3068⁰C. After initiation of cpb, the mean ACT increased as 753.12±29.979 secs at mean temperature of 32.308±0.9940⁰C this was due to the addition of 300- 400 USP units/kg heparin sodium injection (5000 I.U/ml), injected in the central venous line of a patient five minutes before the initiation of CPB . During CPB the mean ACT further increased as 937.18±39.301secs at mean temperature of 23.002±3.6488⁰C this prolongation was due to the decreased temperature. Here the P<0.005 which proved significant. The mean ACT decreased as 665.78±38.054 secs at termination of cpb with mean temperature of 35.164±0.3789⁰C, this decrease is due to rewarming.

CONCLUSION: In this study we observed that the activated clotting time correlate well with hemodilution and hypothermia. The activated clotting time increases with decrease in temperature and decreases with increase in temperature. Decrease in temperature make the clotting factors less functional and increases the activated clotting time. Increase in temperature increases metabolic activity thus increases the function of clotting factors resulting in decreased activated clotting time.

The Nature Of Iatrogenic Crimes And The Possibility Of Their Transformation.

2025-04-11T10:58:30+00:00

The article analyzes the current criminal legal aspects of iatrogenic crimes in modern legal science. Particularly assessed is criminal legislation, which does not specifically indicate responsibility for independent crimes committed by medical workers. The national legislation of Uzbekistan is being studied regarding the protection of the health of citizens, criminal liability for medical errors that resulted in harm to health or death of a person, the objective side of which contains elements of iatrogenic crimes. A study of the empirical base has established that crimes committed by doctors in the classical form of arrogance or negligence are not limited to careless guilt; in many cases, criminal intent is established when the perpetrators are aware of the socially dangerous nature of their act and want harmful consequences to occur. At the same time, violation of professional duties by medical workers is often combined with other crimesresponsibilities to the full extent must be assessed as iatrogenic crimes. Based on modern judicial and investigative practice, issues of pharmaceutical workers belonging to the subjects of iatrogenic crimes are raised, since the specifics of their activities are related to the protection of the life and health of citizens. It is proposed to improve national criminal legislation, provide an independent chapter on liability for iatrogenic crimes of healthcare and pharmaceutical workers, indicating a specific form of guilt, modify the fundamentals of medical law, criminal legal disciplines, and develop a methodology for investigating iatrogenic crimes.

Development of a Sunshield Cream Formulation with Sandalwood Oil for Enhanced Skin Protection

2025-04-11T11:14:29+00:00

The present study focuses on development and analysis of a sunshield cream containing sandalwood oil, celebrated for its natural antioxidant and calming qualities. Sandalwood oil is utilized as the core active ingredient in the formulation. By combining both natural and synthetic elements, the cream is designed to provide effective UV protection, hydration, and compatibility with various skin types. Different concentrations of sandalwood oil were systematically examined for their performance, stability, and user-friendliness. Extensive SPF testing validated the cream's broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. The findings revealed that the cream not only delivers significant sun-blocking properties but also enhances skin hydration and alleviates irritation. This study emphasizes the potential of integrating traditional botanical ingredients like sandalwood oil into contemporary skincare products, elevating their efficacy and appeal.

Green Hrm And Employee Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Analysis In Sustainable Organizations.

2025-04-11T11:14:59+00:00

Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) has emerged as a crucial approach in promoting sustainability within organizations by integrating environmentally friendly practices into HR policies. This study empirically examines the impact of Green HRM on employee job satisfaction in sustainable organizations by analyzing data from employees working in eco-conscious firms. The research explores how green recruitment, green training, green performance management, and green employee engagement contribute to improved job satisfaction. The findings indicate that organizations implementing Green HRM practices create a work environment that enhances employees’ sense of purpose, motivation, and organizational commitment toward sustainability.

Furthermore, the study highlights the role of perceived organizational support as a mediator in strengthening the relationship between Green HRM and job satisfaction. Employees who perceive their organization as actively engaged in environmental sustainability tend to experience higher job satisfaction due to the alignment of organizational values with their personal ethical beliefs. These findings offer valuable insights for HR professionals and organizational leaders, emphasizing the need for sustainability-driven HRM strategies to enhance employee engagement, retention, and overall performance. By embedding green policies into HR functions, businesses can foster both environmental responsibility and a more satisfied workforce.

Enhancement of Solubility, Dissolution Rate, and Bioavailability of Azilsartan Medoxomil Using the Solid Dispersion Technique

2025-04-11T11:37:49+00:00

For increasing bioavailability and solubility of Azilsartan Medoxomil (AZM), a modified dosage form was developed in this study. Solid dispersion of Azilsartan Medoxomil was prepared through physical mixture and kneading method with β-cyclodextrin. Characterization is done by two main methods, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed that the use of solid dispersion in the modified dosage forms greatly enhanced the antihypertensive medications solubility and dissolution, which were previously weakly soluble in water. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic study was performed on Wistar rats after oral administration of pure suspension and Azilsartan solid dispersion. The pharmacokinetic parameters i.e., Cmax and AUC for solid dispersions were reported to be significantly increased (p < 0.05) than that of pure API suspension. The formulation of SD-3 solid dispersion was shown best in improving solubility and dissolution. Overall, the study showed how altered dose forms may enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of medications that are poorly soluble in water, which may result in better treatment outcomes for hypertension patients

Efficient Algorithm for Optic Disc Segmentation in Retinal Images.

2025-04-11T11:43:23+00:00

Segmentation of the optic disc from retinal fundus images is a crucial step within various algorithms aimed at detecting eye pathologies like glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Accurate segmentation of the optic disc is vital for the automatic detection of such pathologies. In this study, we present a simple yet highly effective approach for segmenting optic discs from retinal fundus images. Our objective is to provide an uncomplicated yet robust segmentation method that can be executed swiftly. We propose an algorithm that leverages fundamental image processing principles, specifically thresholding in conjunction with morphological operations, to accomplish optic disc segmentation. Despite its reliance on basic image processing techniques, our algorithm yields exceptional effectiveness while demanding minimal computational time. The evaluation of our approach utilizes the well-known publicly available Drishti-GS dataset. The evaluation of our segmentation algorithm produced compelling results, achieving a Sørensen-Dice coefficient of 93.95%, a Jaccard index of 88.9%, precision of 99.67%, recall of 99.89%, and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 94%. Additionally, the accuracy of the localized centers within the final segmentation masks was measured using the Euclidean distance, resulting in an accuracy of 99.67%. Notably, our algorithm was executed on the complete Drishti-GS dataset, encompassing 101 images. This study introduces a straightforward yet highly effective approach for optic disc segmentation in retinal fundus images. The algorithm’s reliance on basic image processing operations does not compromise its performance, as evidenced by the exceptional evaluation metrics achieved. These outcomes underscore the significance of our proposed method in facilitating the automatic detection of various eye pathologies. The efficiency of our approach, along with its promising results, suggests its potential application in broader medical image analysis contexts.

Cyber Security Laws In India - Constitutional Implications & Gaps.

2025-04-11T11:52:49+00:00

This study critically examines cybersecurity laws in India, focusing on constitutional implications & and identified gaps within the existing legal system. The study delves into legislative developments, the role of government agencies, and the issues faced in implementing and enforcing these laws. In addition, it explores the delicate balance between ensuring national security and safeguarding digital rights. This article concludes with recommendations for legal reforms to enhance cybersecurity laws' efficacy. This analysis contributes to a nuanced understanding of India's evolving landscape of cybersecurity regulations. The landscape of cybersecurity laws in India presents a complex interplay of constitutional implications and notable gaps. This article delves into the constitutional structure guiding cybersecurity regulations, examining the balance between individual privacy rights and the State's responsibility to ensure national security. Key legislation, such as the Information Tech Act of 2000 and subsequent amendments, are analyzed considering constitutional principles. Despite strides, gaps persist in addressing emerging threats, cross-border challenges, and harmonizing legal provisions. This article outlines the nuanced legal terrain, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive, adaptive legislative approach to fortify India's cybersecurity structure in the face of evolving digital landscapes.

Misuse Of Women's Protective Laws Against Men In India.

2025-04-11T11:57:56+00:00

The protective laws enacted to safeguard women's rights in India have been misused to harass & exploit men, leading to a crucial social & legal challenge. This research examines the misuse of women's protective laws, particularly the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), 2005, & Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The research reveals that false cases are filed to extort money, gain custody of children, or exact revenge, causing immense emotional & financial distress to innocent men. The lack of penal provisions for false complaints & the non-bailable nature of these laws contribute to their misuse. This paper analyzes the judicial responses, societal factors, & legislative loopholes that facilitate this misuse. It argues that while women's empowerment is crucial, the rights of men should also be protected to prevent abuse of these laws. The research recommends stringent penalties for false complainants, mandatory investigations, & judicial reforms to prevent the misuse of women's protective laws.

Comparison of new scoring method, DEER scoring, in comparison to different endometrial pathology.

2025-04-11T12:02:50+00:00

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is not an uncommon occurrence and accounts for about 10-30% of chief complaints reported by women, with >30% of them occurring during the premenopausal phase & >70% of visits amongst peri and postmenopausal phase. Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the current diagnostic modalities, it is important to use a simple assessment cum diagnostic tool such as DEERS which can be implemented to screen women presenting with AUB.

Aims: To validate a non-invasive screening tool such as Disease of Endometrium Evaluation and Risk Scoring (DEERS) in woman with abnormal uterine bleeding in comparison to endometrial biopsy

Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional case control hospital based study was carried out amongst abnormal uterine bleeding patients attending Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, JSS Hospital, Mysuru with 158 cases and 158 controls. Histopathological evaluation & DEERS scoring system was carried out to understand the efficacy of the new scoring system. Quantitative data was summarized using Mean (SD) with Student t-test, ANOVA used to test the significance with P value as <0.05 for statistical significance.

Results: Amongst cases 44.67% subjects were aged 51-60 years; however, amongst controls, majority of subjects (78.67%) who were aged ≤50 years. Histopathological evaluation revealed 45 endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 27 disordered proliferation, 18 endometrial polyp, 6 endometrial malignancy and 9 endometrial hyperplasia with atypia cases with DEERS score showing 4 (2.67%) normal endometrium, 123 (82.0%) benign pathologies, 12 (8.0%) complex hyperplasia and 11 (7.33%) endometrial malignancies with mean scores of 8.0, 12.12, 19.5 and 26.91 respectively. In benign pathologies, we found sensitivity, specificity, PPV & NPV of 94.55%, 52.50%, 84.55% and 77.78% respectively, whereas it was 27.27%, 94.24%, 27.27% and 94.24% in malignant cases.

Conclusion: The new scoring diagnostic method was found to be effective in determining the type of lesions seen in abnormal uterine bleeding and in the current scenario when there is a lack of studies with respect to this system; we advocate it to be used as an adjunctive diagnostic modality. Also, we recommend more studies in this regard with a consideration for more factors to understand the role of other confounding factors which may determine the exact diagnosis.

Multiphase Investigation Into Nursing Soft Skills Enrichment

2025-04-11T12:27:37+00:00

Background: There exists a widely recognized shortage in the soft skills at the health sector, especially in the areas of communication, teamwork, critical thinking, and professionalism. The current study seeks to mitigate this kind of shortage by reviewing the literature that relates to the soft skills development, establishing an expert consensus, and developing an outcome-based education (OBE) enrichment framework for institutional nurses. The research adopts a systematic multiphase research design comprising three phases of primary interest. Phase 1 is an integrative literature review to determine and examine different approaches to developing soft skills in various disciplines. Phase 2 employs the Modified Delphi Method, wherein nursing specialists engage in two rounds of questionnaires to narrow down and confirm the most critical soft skills for nursing practice. Phase 3 involves the establishment of an OBE framework that organizes core approaches and learning outcomes to provide practical application within nursing education and clinical practice. The integrative review in Phase 1 highlighted 64 distinct soft skills development approaches that falls under 4 themes namely collaborative learning, experiential learning, reflective practices and technology-enhanced methods, all of which showed positive effects on soft skills development. In Phase 2, nurse experts sharpened and prioritized these methods, choosing 12 key strategies that are most flexible to apply in actual nursing practice. They are mentoring, reflective writing, debriefing, role-playing, case scenarios, problem-based learning (PBL), project-based learning (PjBL), role modelling, verbal feedback, preceptorship, group discussion, and team-based learning (TBL). Phase 3 built upon these results to create an OBE framework that includes the 12 validated strategies for developing nursing soft skills. Implementation of these strategies in a structured manner in nursing education and in practice is likely to significantly enhance healthcare delivery and patient care quality through better interpersonal, cognitive, and professional competencies.

Result: The study employed a three-phase research design to create an Outcome-Based Education (OBE) model for the improvement of the soft skills in institutional nursing. Phase 1 is involved an integrative review of 82 studies that yielded 64 distinct methods of soft skills development, which were grouped into a Experiential Learning, Collaborative Learning, Technology-Enhanced Learning, and Reflective Practices. Phase 2 used a Modified Delphi Method to these approaches through agreement among the nurse experts, initially shortlisting them to 23, and then subsequently to 12 key approaches most of the appropriate for the institutional nursing. These approaches prioritized the communication, teamwork, critical thinking, and professionalism. In Phase 3, the final OBE framework was constructed to apply these 12 approaches in a systematic manner in the nursing education and practice, providing an evidence-based and structured approach to enrich the soft skills of the nurses. This model offers a useful roadmap for enhancing the nurses’ competencies, that eventually leads to an improved patient care quality and interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusion: In this study, an evidence-based Outcome-Based Education (OBE) model was formulated to advance soft skills in educational nursing at the institutional level. Employing a multiphase research design, it identified and tested 12 strategies with an emphasis on communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and professionalism that play a crucial role in effective nursing practice. An integrative a synthesis of 82 studies to guaranteed these strategies and filled the gaps in soft skills development, and a two-round Delphi method to ensured expert agreement regarding to their relevance and applicability. Through the incorporation of the nursing educator and trainer input, the research offers curriculum guidelines aligned with a actual healthcare needs.

Nanosponges As A Revolutionary Drug Delivery System For Skin Disorders: Advancements, Challenges, And Future Perspectives

2025-04-11T12:38:07+00:00

Nanotechnology has significantly transformed drug delivery, particularly in dermatology, where conventional treatments often face limitations such as poor bioavailability, systemic side effects, and inconsistent drug release. Nanosponges (NS), with their porous, sponge-like structure, have emerged as a promising solution for targeted and controlled drug delivery in treating various skin disorders, including psoriasis, acne, eczema, and skin cancer. These nanoscale carriers enhance drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability while reducing toxicity and side effects. This review explores the recent advancements in nanosponge-based formulations, including β-cyclodextrin, ethyl cellulose, and polymeric nanosponges, and their potential applications in dermatology. Various preparation techniques, such as solvent-based synthesis, emulsion-solvent diffusion, and ultrasound-assisted synthesis, are discussed in detail. Characterization techniques include particle size analysis, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, and release kinetics.

Despite their advantages, challenges such as large-scale manufacturing, regulatory concerns, and long-term biocompatibility must be addressed before clinical translation. Future research should optimise formulation stability, enhance specificity, and conduct rigorous in vivo studies to validate nanosponge efficacy. Integrating nanosponge technology with stimuli-responsive and intelligent delivery systems offers exciting prospects for personalized dermatological treatments.

This paper comprehensively reviews nanosponge-based drug delivery systems for dermatological applications, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize topical and transdermal therapy. Addressing existing challenges will be crucial for their successful clinical implementation, ultimately improving patient outcomes and treatment efficacy in dermatology.

The Impact of Doctor-Patient Communication on Patient Satisfaction: A Systematic Review.

2025-04-11T12:54:28+00:00

Background: A key factor in determining patient satisfaction and the foundation of high-quality healthcare is effective doctor-patient communication. In addition to sharing clinical knowledge, it also entails empathy, active listening, and collaborative decision-making. Improving healthcare experiences requires an understanding of the wider influence of communication on patient satisfaction in various healthcare settings.By defining important communication components that affect patient perceptions and investigating demographic and contextual changes, this systematic review investigates the relationship between doctor-patient communication and patient satisfaction.

Methods: PRISMA standards were followed in conducting a systematic review. Relevant studies published in English were found by searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Studies examining the effect of doctor-patient communication on patient satisfaction in primary care, hospital, or outpatient settings were included in the inclusion criteria. A total of 1,164 participants from 12 trials satisfied the inclusion requirements. Data extraction was centered on statistical results, patient satisfaction metrics, and communication elements. Validated instruments like the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to evaluate the quality of the study.

Results: Patient satisfaction and doctor-patient communication were found to be strongly positively correlated (p<0.05 in 10 out of 12 studies). Significant predictors of satisfaction included empathy (p<0.01), active listening (SMD=0.62), and explicit explanations (SMD=0.55). Communication quality and satisfaction were more strongly correlated with older persons and female patients, while satisfaction levels varied more in hospital settings.

Conclusions: Enhancing patient satisfaction and the general quality of healthcare can be achieved by using patient-centered techniques and focused training to improve doctor-patient communication. Long-term effects and cultural influences should be investigated in future studies.

Innovative Machine Learning Strategies for Enhancing Cybersecurity Resilience in IoT Environments.

2025-04-11T12:59:35+00:00

This research investigates the incorporation of machine learning ML models in improving cybersecurity resilience for the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Since cyberattacks against IoT are on the rise, this paper investigates the efficacy of ML algorithms such as Decision Trees, Random Forests, and K-Means Clustering on common IoT attacks, DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service), spoofing, and data injection. The research builds these models on a simulated set-up with the help of widely accessible data sets and modeling tools such as Node-RED and NS3 and then validates them to check their detection rates, false positive rates, and performance in terms of system performance under such attack scenarios. It shows very high detection rates, especially for DDoS attacks (95%) and very low false positives (3%-5%). It was found that DDoS attacks had the highest increase in system latency compared to other attacks while spoofing and data injection also contributed to increasing latency but to a lesser extent. The results underscore the promising role of ML in enhancing IoT security and emphasize the need for frequent model updates and fine-tuning to address dynamic cyber risks in real-time situations. It provides a comprehensive analysis and insights into the effective use of ML models for real-time IoT security and to formulate an efficient approach for scalable IoT security solutions.

A Hybrid Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: Integrating NCA-Based Feature Selection with SVM, KNN, and ESO-Optimized Neural Networks.

2025-04-11T13:06:28+00:00

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that poses significant challenges for early detection and accurate classification, crucial for effective intervention and management. In the realm of medical imaging and diagnostic classification, various machine learning techniques have been employed to enhance the precision of AD detection. This paper presents a novel framework for the detection and staging of AD using MRI brain images. The methodology begins with the acquisition of T1-weighted MRI scans from the OASIS database, followed by contrast enhancement through Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). The enhanced images are analyzed using a multi-faceted approach involving several feature extraction techniques. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) combined with Local Binary Patterns (LBP) captures detailed texture features across multiple scales. Additionally, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) is utilized for structural feature extraction, and Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) combined with Bag of Words (BoW) is employed for key point detection and representation. These features are integrated into a combined feature vector, which is then refined using Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) for optimal feature selection. Classification is performed using Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and an Enhanced Snake Optimization (ESO)-optimized Neural Network. Performance evaluation metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in AD detection and staging. The results indicate that the ESO-NN model, achieves the highest accuracy of 98.07% among the evaluated classifiers. This superior performance underscores the potential of ESO-NN in improving diagnostic accuracy and reliability, marking a significant advancement in the field of AD detection and classification.

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Antidiabetic Agents (Metformin Analogues) with Improved Efficacy and Reduced Risk of Hypoglycemia for Long-Term Management of Type 2 Diabetes

2025-04-11T13:12:24+00:00

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation. Metformin, the first-line therapy, has limitations such as gastrointestinal intolerance and risk of lactic acidosis, necessitating the development of novel analogues with improved efficacy and safety. This study designed, synthesized, and evaluated five metformin analogues: DMAA, PBG, BMB, TZD-Met, and SFBG, aiming to enhance glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function while reducing adverse effects.

Methods: A series of metformin analogues were synthesized via structural modifications to the biguanide backbone. Chemical characterization was performed using FTIR, NMR (¹H and ¹³C), MS, and X-ray crystallography. In vitro glucose uptake assays were conducted in L6 myotubes and HepG2 cells, followed by AMPK activation (Western blot) and GLUT4 translocation (Immunocytochemistry) studies. In vivo efficacy was assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced Type 2 diabetic mice, with treatment groups including vehicle control, metformin, and the five analogues. Parameters evaluated included Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and organ toxicity markers.

Results:

Chemical synthesis confirmed successful modifications, as validated by spectral analysis.
Glucose uptake increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all analogues compared to metformin, with SFBG and TZD-Met demonstrating the highest enhancement.
AMPK phosphorylation (p-AMPK/AMPK ratio) was significantly higher in analogue-treated cells compared to metformin.
GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane was increased in all analogues, correlating with improved glucose uptake.
In vivo studies showed a significant reduction in FBG levels over 12 weeks, with TZD-Met and SFBG outperforming metformin by 15–20%.
HOMA-IR index indicated enhanced insulin sensitivity in the analogue-treated groups, particularly BMB and DMAA.
Toxicity assessment showed reduced gastrointestinal side effects and lower risk of lactic acidosis compared to metformin.

Conclusion: The novel metformin analogues exhibited superior glycemic control, increased AMPK activation, and enhanced insulin sensitivity with an improved safety profile compared to metformin. These findings suggest that structural modifications to biguanides may offer next-generation antidiabetic therapies with reduced side effects. Future studies should focus on pharmacokinetics, clinical translation, and long-term metabolic outcomes to establish their therapeutic potential in T2DM management.

Psychological Stress felt by Employees at Workplace: A Study on Employee Empowerment by examining the Workplace Ostracism and Employee Resilience

2025-04-11T13:20:40+00:00

The study examines the effect of workplace ostracism relationship with the employee empowerment was investigated that highlight the impact of psychological Stress and its role on the employee empowerment, employee’s resilience. The study discusses in detail about how the workplace ostracism impact the employee engagement level of the employees. The nature of study is qualitative in nature. The result of the study favors the positive role of employee’s resilience behavior and psychological stress is the negative outcome of the workplace ostracism which affect negatively to the mindset of the employees. Hence Organizations need to focus on introduction of such programs that ensure employees about their belongingness with others and improve their bond with peer groups. This will make them more engaged towards the Organizations goals by managing their personal situations.

Exact Lexicographic Scheduling For Sales Force Optimization With Facility Constraints.

2025-04-11T13:25:13+00:00

There are I={1,2,3,…..,n} be set of n persons, J={1,2,3,…..,m} be set of m schedules and k={1,2,3,……,p} be set of p facilities. S (t, j) is the number of calls made in jth schedule at time t. SB (t) is the minimum number of calls to be made by the persons at time t. C (i, j, k) is the cost of assigning jth schedule to ith person at facility k i.e., the cost depends on the facility k which is the third independent factor which influences the cost. The restriction is: If the same schedule is assigned to different persons then the facilities should be different.

The problem is to assign the schedules to n¹(<n) persons with minimum cost with the above restriction and the total number of calls made in each time is greater than SB(t).

In the sequel we will develop a Lexi Search algorithm based on the ‘Pattern Recognition Technique’ to solve this problem which takes care of the simple combinatorial structure of the problem.

Clinical And Radiographical Evaluation Of Silver Nanoparticles Formulations On Pulpectomized Primary Molar

2025-04-11T14:13:19+00:00

Objectives: This study was directed to evaluate clinical and radiographical effect of silver nanoparticles formulations on pulpectomized primary molar.

Subjects and methods: Seventy two Children between the ages of 4 and 8 who had multiple- rooted primary posterior teeth that needed pulpectomy therapy were chosen. The Nano-Gate helped with the root canal irrigant solutions and oturating materials.

Results: The findings of this RCT revealed that AgNPs have higher Clinical And Radiographic results than NaOCl, this could be attributed to the fact that AgNPs inhibits the development of biofilms and decreases bacterial adhesion. The clinical and radiographic follow-up results of this RCT revealed that the use of AgNPs gel as intracanal medication had better success rates than the use of Ca(OH)2 medication. Furthermore, the results of this RCT revealed that the use of AgNPs formulations had better success rates with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) system and negative pressure irrigation system (EndoVac) than conventional syring system.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PUI and the EndoVac negative pressure system are superior to conventional endodontic needles in terms of their ability to eradicate the E. Faecalis, AgNPs solution was able to reduce colonies of E. faecalis, indicating its potential use as a root canal irrigation, AgNPs gel had higher clinical success rate than Ca(OH)2, indicating its potential use as a interappointment medicament.

Safety of undergraduate nursing students during their clinical education: A review of the literature.

2025-04-11T14:20:47+00:00

Background: Areas of clinical training such as hospitals and community health centers are difficult to control and considered sources of risks that threaten the safety of the students which affects their success and fulfilling the goals of nursing education and may have long-term effects on their quality of life.

Aim: This review aimed to critically review the scientific evidence related to students’ risk perception regarding the effect of clinical education on their safety.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out for quantitative studies published between January 2010 and April 2023 to investigate undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions regarding the effect of clinical education on their safety. Six studies were identified to meet the aim of this review based on the titles and abstracts.

Results: The total score of the nursing students' occupational risk perception scale was high in 3 studies. The highest nursing students' risk perception scale was psychological and ergonomic, followed by physical and clinical environment risks. Several factors were identified to affect students' perception of risks during their clinical education: age, gender, students’ level of anxiety, the clinical environment, and the level of students’ knowledge about safety in the clinical environment.

Conclusion: The findings of this review show worthy data for clinical educators regarding the students’ perception of the effect of clinical training on their personal safety. Moreover, this review highlights certain points; there are inadequate studies investigating the concepts of risks and safety from undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions. Future studies should pay attention to the perceptions of students with different levels of study and educational backgrounds and in different cultures and countries.

Comparative Study of Refractive Errors Pre and Post COVID-19 Pandemic in Individuals with Increased Screen Time in the Age Group of 18-25 Years: A Literature Review

2025-04-11T17:26:51+00:00

This literature review examines existing research on the comparative changes in refractive errors (such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) in young adults aged 18-25, related to increased screen time before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. With remote work, online education, and social isolation leading to prolonged exposure to digital devices, there is a growing concern regarding the impact of this lifestyle change on visual health. The review synthesizes findings from cross-sectional studies, discusses the potential mechanisms linking increased screen time to worsening refractive errors, and highlights gaps in the literature for future research directions.

Homeopathic Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Evidence Based Case Report

2025-04-11T17:33:43+00:00

Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, the tube connecting the mouth and stomach. This backwash, known as acid reflux, can irritate the lining of the esophagus. GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach, weakens or relaxes abnormally, allowing stomach contents to rise. Common symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation of food or sour liquid, and difficulty swallowing. GERD can also lead to complications like esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or even esophageal cancer if left untreated. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, smoking, and certain dietary habits can increase the risk of GERD. Management typically involves lifestyle changes, medications to reduce stomach acid, and in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding GERD's causes and symptoms is crucial for effective treatment and improving quality of life.

Methods: Homeopathic medicine selected based on state of mind, in low potency, single medicine and infrequent repetition, can be implemented with good results. Sulphur in 30 potency stimulation can be implemented on symptom similarity.

Result: In GERD with regurgitation and vomiting ,unable to sleep after 3 doses of homeopathic medicine Sulphur in 30 potency at every 15 mins time interval regurgitation reduced and patient was comfortable, with subsequent follow up. Patient recovered within 3 wks with no further relapse.

Conclusion: Accuracy in homeopathic prescription by concept of individuals' mental state during the illness can yield good clinical results in case of Diagnosed case of GERD, after treatment with homeopathic medicine, clinical and evidence based results can be achieved.

Influence of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Enhancing Biostimulation of Median Nerve in Patients with Chronic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

2025-04-11T17:44:02+00:00

Background: When the median nerve is compressed while passing through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, a condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) develops.

Purpose: To examine the impact of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on improving biostimulation of median nerve in patients suffering from chronic CTS.

Study Design: A pretest posttest control group design.

Materials and methods: Fifty-two male and female patients ranging in age from 30 to 50 years old were included in the study with chronic CTS. There were 26 patients in each of the two groups. Those in the 1st group were given through traditional physiotherapy and a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. The 2nd group of patients served as controls and were given more traditional physiotherapy program, such as the use of splints and rehabilitative exercises. The four weeks of training consisted of three sessions per week. There were pre- and post-treatment assessments of pain levels, distal sensory and motor latencies, pinch grip strengths, and hand functions.

Results: In terms of pain intensity, distal sensory and motor latency, pinch grip strength, as well as functional performance, there were significant differences in both groups both before and after treatment.

Conclusion: Low intensity pulsed ultrasound was showed to be effective in enhancing perceived wrist pain, sensory and motor distal latency, pinch grip strength and functional performance in patients suffering from chronic CTS.

A Study on problems and challenges faced by Nagpur farmers with respect to dairy business

2025-04-11T17:45:19+00:00

The aim of this study is to make comparative study of farmers who are engaged with dairy farming by considering the different policies and factors such as Economic, Marketing , Communicational and Infrastructure problems etc. For this study the sample area selected was Nagpur tahsil. A total no. of 200 dairy farmers were selected and interviewed from the tahsil randomly. The data was collected through personal interview. The Primary data were collected from the farmers of the tahsil through the use of questionnaires and were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of socio-psychological problems of farmers, primary challenges (Economic) in selling milk and related products, communicational problems, technical constraints, marketing constraints and availability of dairy-related infrastructure (e.g., cold storage, transportation) facilities.

Automated Smart Solar Panel System Fault Detection and Energy for Solar Panels Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Deep Learning

2025-04-11T17:52:23+00:00

Employing a combination of machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision techniques for detection and energy usage predictions. Two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based models are included in the system: one is intended to identify flaws including dust, cracks, and shading, while the other is intended to detect the existence of solar panels. To identify and categorize fault types and their severity, CNN models scan high-resolution pictures obtained through continuous monitoring. A regression-based machine learning model is used to forecast future energy output by utilizing environmental variables and past data to predict energy consumption. Long-term energy forecasts are further improved by time-series analysis, which makes maintenance and optimization tactics more successful. The Flask framework is used to create the solution, and a MySQL database is used to store maintenance records, energy forecasts, and fault detection logs. Scalable, real-time solar farm monitoring is supported by this integrated system, which lowers operating expenses and boosts output. This research aids in the effective and sustainable management of solar energy by integrating fault detection and energy forecasts into a single framework

Effect of Plant Based Diet Versus Intermittent Fasting Diet on Lipid Profile in Obese Premenopausal Women

2025-04-11T17:49:53+00:00

Introduction: The aging process correlates with a heightened risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, as well as hypertension. Nonetheless, it seems that the heightened risk of non-communicable diseases is associated with central obesity and higher waist circumference (WC), rather than general obesity or elevated BMI.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the effects of plant based diet and intermittent fasting diet on lipid profile in obese premenopausal women.

Subjects: Sixty obese premenopausal women with hyperlipidemia, were took part in this study. They were chosen from the outpatient clinic of MTI University. Their ages varied from 40 to 45 years, and their body mass index (BMI) ranged from 30 to 35 kg/m². Every participant had no history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, malignancy, pacemaker, or hyperthyroidism.

Design: Randomized controlled study, all women were randomly allocated into two equal groups; Study group (A): included 30 obese pre-menopausal women who were treated by aerobic exercises on treadmill for 30 minutes 3 sessions/ weak and plant based diet for 3 months. Study group (B): included 30 obese pre-menopausal women who were treated by aerobic exercises on treadmill for 30 minutes 3 sessions/ weak and intermittent fasting diet for 3 months. Assessment: Assessment of BMI, WHR, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as high density lipoprotein (HDL), measurements were taken for both groups (A and B) prior to and following treatment.

Results: Both plant based diet and intermittent fasting diet have significant effect in decreasing BMI, WHR, TC, LDL & TG and increasing HDL post treatment. When compared plant based diet with intermittent fasting diet post treatment, plant based diet has more significant effect. Conclusion: Plant-based diet is more effective than intermittent fasting diet through decreasing BMI, WHR, total cholesterol, LDL & total triglycrides levels along with increasing HDL level in obese premenopausal women.

Diagnostic Potential of Biosensors and Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

2025-04-12T06:31:58+00:00

Pancreatic cancer (PC) being the primary cause of cancer-related fatalities across the globe is a hard and aggressive type of cancer that is typically diagnosed in the patients at the last phase. Currently, the average chance of surviving pancreatic cancer five years after detection is just 6 percent which highlights the need for early diagnosis and monitoring. Pancreatic cancer is traditionally diagnosed through imaging techniques such as CT scans, PET scans, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and biopsy. To get precise and understandable results, these methods are prolonged, expensive, and need the knowledge of experts in the field. Biosensors are emerging at a rapid pace that are used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer owing to their easy accessibility, cost-effectiveness accompanied with a high degree of precision. The present review investigated various biomarkers and biosensors along with their benefits and shortcomings which are extensively used in cancer detection. The study found that CA 19-9 biomarkers are best suited for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer due to its better performance and sensitivity. This review primarily helps biomedical engineers, doctors, and others researchers working in same domain in identification of potential research gaps and selection of most suitable biosensors for diagnosing pancreatic cancer

The State's Responsibility Towards Citizens For Criminal Acts Of Transnational Terrorism In The Form Of Cyber Terrorism Through New Media

2025-04-09T06:32:33+00:00

This research analyzes the state's responsibility in dealing with criminal acts of transnational terrorism committed through cyberterrorism using new media. Indonesia, as a sovereign country, has the responsibility to maintain national security and contribute to global security as mandated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Terrorism, especially in the form of cyberterrorism, poses a significant threat that requires serious action and a strong legal response. Cyberterrorism is the use of information and communication technology to carry out terrorist attacks that cause physical, psychological or economic damage. This phenomenon requires countries to increase their cyber capacity to detect and prevent these attacks. In the context of international law, state obligations regarding terrorism are regulated by the UN and various international conventions, such as the 1999 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism. States are responsible for preventing, punishing, and providing reparations for victims of terrorism. In a national perspective, the Law of Indonesian Terrorism emphasizes that the state must provide medical assistance, psychosocial rehabilitation, and compensation to victims. This research finds that terrorism is a global threat that requires a strong legal response from the state, both in the national and international context. Countries must also develop a comprehensive legal framework to deal with cyber terrorism and ensure protection for victims. This research is expected to contribute to the development of effective policies and laws in dealing with the threat of transnational terrorism and cyberterrorism, as well as increasing protection for citizens.

Perception Towards Nursing And It’s Futuristic Career Prospects Among Nursing Students At Selected Colleges

2025-04-12T08:58:21+00:00

Background: Nursing is a healthcare profession that is focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities; so that they can attain, maintain, or recover optimum health. It is rated as one of the most trusted professions in the healthcare industry and is considered an exciting and in-demand profession. Nurses are 2/3rds of the health workforce in India Nursing students’ perception of nursing might have an impact on their self-concept, self-esteem, recruitment, retention, and performance.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the perception of nursing and its futuristic career prospects among nursing students of selected colleges of Punjab.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative non-experimental descriptive research approach and design was used to assess the perception of nursing and its futuristic career prospects among 200 nursing students who were selected by stratified probability sampling technique. Data was collected by using self-structured tool on perception towards nursing and futuristic career prospects.

Results: The results of the study concluded that the majority of nursing students have a good perception towards nursing 71.5%, followed by 27% with have average level of perception, and a minimum number of students have a poor level of perception 1.5%. The majority (62%) of the nursing students wanted to move abroad after completing graduation in nursing. A maximum number of students (67%) agree that nursing is a financially secure career than any other profession.

Conclusion: The study concluded that most of nursing students have good perception of nursing as a profession

A Pharmaceutical Composition Comprising A Liposomal Formulation Of Efavirenz, Its Preparation And Application Thereof

2025-04-12T09:12:42+00:00

In many countries, Efavirenz is the primary non nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor for first-line antiretroviral therapy. It is an orally active antiviral drug that is specific for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Its effectiveness is due to its lengthy half-life, which ranges from 52 to 76 hours after numerous doses. The medication is poorly soluble in water. One of the most difficult difficulties for formulation scientists in the research sector will be the oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs. We intended to investigate effective encapsulation of efavirenz (EFV, which is one of the powerful (ARVs) using varied mass ratios of crude soybean lecithin and cholesterol, since the liposome is the most clinically successful DDS and yet is often investigated for ARVs delivery

Polymeric Nanoparticles in Oncology: Design, Development and Characterization

2025-04-12T09:26:14+00:00

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is often limited by the poor aqueous solubility and systemic side effects of Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor. To overcome these challenges, this study explores the use of β-Cyclodextrin (BCD), a natural polymer, for the development of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles to enhance drug solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. Erlotinib-loaded BCD-based nanoparticles were formulated using High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH) and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release kinetics. Additionally, their cytotoxicity against NSCLC cell lines, biocompatibility, and pharmacokinetic behavior were evaluated. The optimized formulation (Batch B10) demonstrated high drug encapsulation efficiency, controlled and sustained release, and enhanced solubility due to the inclusion of BCD. The nanoparticles exhibited suitable physicochemical properties for targeted delivery, with improved stability and dissolution behavior. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies confirmed a significant increase in bioavailability, with Batch B10 showing superior systemic absorption compared to pure Erlotinib. The study confirms that BCD, a natural polymer, plays a crucial role in enhancing Erlotinib solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness. The optimized BCD-based nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for improving NSCLC treatment while potentially reducing dose-related side effects.

Development and Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablets of Dolutegravir Sodium by Solid Dispersion Technique

2025-04-12T09:42:49+00:00

The Dolutegravir Sodium is an antiretroviral drugs bear some significant drawbacks such as, low solubility, low bioavailability, and undesirable side effects. Efforts have been made to design immediate release drug delivery systems for anti-HIV agents to increase the solubility & bioavailability and decrease the degradation/metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, and to deliver them to the target cells selectively with minimal side effects. The half-life of Dolutegravir is 15 hours. It gets metabolized mainly in the liver, dolutegravir is a BSC class-II drug, it has low solubility and high permeability, hence need to enhance the solubility of by using different solid dispersion techniques. Solid dispersion of dolutegravir is prepared by rotary solvent evaporation method. The purpose of this study was to develop immediate release tablets of poorly water soluble dolutegravir. In this study dolutegravir immediate release tablet were prepared by direct compression method using superdisintegrants at a concentration range 0.5-5% .The tablet is based on interactive mixture of components, consisting of carrier particles covered by fine particles of dolutegravir. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, DT, swelling index ratio and in-vitro drug release. FT-IR, XRD and physical compatibility study were conducted for drug excipient interactions.

Age and Gender Differences in Happiness of School and College Students

2025-04-12T10:30:55+00:00

Happiness, often referred to as subjective well-being, is a fundamental human emotion influenced by various psychological and demographic factors. This study aimed to examine the impact of age and gender on happiness levels among senior secondary and college students. A total of 390 students (150 males and 240 females) participated in the study, completing the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Statistical analysis using t-tests revealed that younger students (below 19 years) reported significantly higher happiness levels than older students, challenging previous studies suggesting a U-shaped happiness curve. Additionally, female students exhibited significantly higher happiness scores than males, contradicting existing research that often finds men to be happier. These findings highlight the complexity of happiness and suggest that contextual factors, such as academic environment and future aspirations, play a critical role. Further research is needed to explore additional social and psychological determinants of happiness.

A Study of Relationship between Diabetic Nephropathy and Lipid Profile, Hs-CRP, Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure among Patients.

2025-04-12T10:42:37+00:00

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a significant worldwide health issue. One of the most significant long-term microvascular consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM) is type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN), which is a major contributor to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at the global level. Diabetic nephropathy is a mild inflammatory condition which is linked with many other types of diseases and can cause a lot of other diseases to generate in our body. So, the objective of this study is to find the degree of correlation between Diabetic Nephropathy and Lipid Profile, Hs-CRP, Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure among Patients. For this purpose, two group of patients were taken; one as an experimental group and one as a controlled group. A total of 68 patients were taken as sample for both the groups. Lipid Profile, Hs-CRP, Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure were assessed in both the groups. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Mean, SD, Chi-square test, Unpaired t-test were calculated to find the relationship between Diabetic Nephropathy and Lipid Profile, Hs-CRP, Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure among Patients. The study concluded that there is a high degree of correlation between the Diabetic Nephropathy and Lipid Profile, Hs-CRP, Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure among Patients.

A Comparative Performance Analysis of Various Machine Learning Techniques in Breast Cancer Detection.

2025-04-12T10:48:13+00:00

Cancer, a nemesis of humankind since eternity is a disease against which a relentless war has been waged by medical researchers, all guns blazing but with comparatively little success. There are more than 200 types of cancer which are known to occur in humans and breast cancer is the second most common form of cancer. This disease poses a daunting challenge to medical practitioners and every year copious numbers of fatalities occur due to this lumpy killer. Its detection at an early stage raises the chances of survival of the patients’ manifolds. Use of artificial intelligence and machine algorithms has come in handy for detecting various kinds of diseases including breast cancer. Though in a nascent stage, these algorithms are turning out to be pivotal and nifty tools for medical practitioners to unravel and identify this fiendish enigma at an early stage. In this study, six classifiers i.e. Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector, KNN and Naïve Bayes have been utilized and trained on Wisconsin data set to predict the occurrence of breast cancer. A comparative analysis of the performance of these algorithms have been done on the anvil of accuracy, precision, Recall and F1 score. On the basis of the empirical values obtained, it is evident that Random Forest is the most appropriate ML technique to detect the breast cancer.

Effect of Education and Income on Subjective Well-being of Adolescents

2025-04-12T10:50:44+00:00

This study explores the effects of education and income on the subjective well-being (SWB) of adolescents in the Simanchal region of Bihar. Subjective well-being, comprising life satisfaction and emotional experiences (positive and negative affect), is a critical indicator of adolescent mental health. A sample of 272 school and college students participated in the study, and standardized measures such as the Life Satisfaction Scale and the SPANE were employed to assess SWB. Results from t-tests and two-way ANOVA analyses revealed that educational level significantly influenced all dimensions of subjective well-being, with secondary school students reporting higher life satisfaction and more positive affect than college students. Income, while significantly associated with both positive and negative affect, showed no significant effect on life satisfaction or affective balance. No interaction effects were observed between income and education, indicating that education had a more pronounced independent impact on adolescents’ subjective well-being. These findings highlight the role of education in shaping emotional and cognitive well-being during adolescence and suggest that policy efforts should prioritize educational support alongside economic interventions.

Optimizing YOLOv8 for Enhanced Abnormality Detection in Abdominal CT Imaging: A Deep Learning Perspective.

2025-04-12T10:52:53+00:00

This research delves into enhancing the capabilities of YOLOv8, a cutting-edge object detection model, for the specific purpose of identifying abnormalities in abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. With the rising need for swift and precise diagnosis in medical imaging, especially in high-pressure clinical settings, there is a growing reliance on artificial intelligence (AI)-powered systems to support medical decision-making. YOLOv8 stands out due to its advanced architecture, particularly its anchor-free mechanism and streamlined backbone, which collectively offer significant advantages over conventional diagnostic techniques. By training this model on a comprehensive dataset of well-annotated CT images, we were able to evaluate its ability to not only increase detection accuracy but also substantially reduce the time taken to reach diagnostic conclusions. The model’s effectiveness is validated through critical performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1 score, and mean average precision (mAP), all of which indicate strong reliability in identifying diverse pathological features. The outcomes of this study underscore the potential of integrating YOLOv8 into clinical diagnostic workflows, where it can act as a valuable assistant to radiologists—enabling earlier detection of serious conditions and improving overall patient outcomes.

Leveraging Machine Learning For The Early Identification And Intervention Of Pediatric Mental Health Disorders: An Interdisciplinary Approach.

2025-04-12T10:56:34+00:00

The rising prevalence of mental health issues among children necessitates early identification and timely intervention, as traditional diagnostic methods, though standardized, often prove time-consuming and may delay appropriate treatment. This delay underscores the urgent need for innovative, technology-driven solutions. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool capable of analyzing vast and complex datasets to identify subtle, often overlooked patterns associated with mental health disorders. This study explores the potential of ML in enhancing the early detection of pediatric mental health conditions by improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing intervention delays. It further examines the practical utility of ML in processing emotional, behavioral, and cognitive indicators to recognize early warning signs. In doing so, the study highlights the transformative capacity of ML in augmenting existing diagnostic frameworks. However, it also addresses the critical ethical considerations involved, particularly concerning data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and the minimization of inherent biases. The integration of ethical safeguards is emphasized as essential to ensuring the responsible deployment of these technologies. This balanced approach promotes trust and efficacy in ML-based systems. Ultimately, the study illustrates how ML can reshape pediatric mental health care by offering faster, more accurate, and ethically grounded interventions that respond to the unique needs of children in distress.

Alterations in DNA Damage Response Pathways Underlying Acquired Resistance to Olaparib: Evidence from In Vitro Models.

2025-04-12T11:01:19+00:00

DDR is a multifaceted system of cellular pathways that detect signal and repair DNA damage to preserve genome reliability. This mechanism is crucial in cancer biology, as deficiencies in DDR pathways often direct to tumor development and influence treatment responses. A PARPi, Ola, is frequently used for targeted OC, particularly in patients with BRCA2-mutated HR repair defects. OR often develops and reduces the drug's therapeutic efficacy. This research investigates the way the combination of Ola with medications targeting the ATM/WEE1 pathway increases its cytotoxicity in OROC cells with BRCA2 degeneration mutations. The antitumor effects of Ola alone and combined with these inhibitors are estimated in OC cell lines that are either sensitive (PEO1, PEO4) or resistant (PEO1-OR) to Ola. The BRCA2MUT PEO1 cells are used to create the PEO1-OR cell line. The appearance of 15 proteins linked to the DDR is adjusted using antibody microarrays. The findings showed that in both sensitive and resistant OC cells, Ola combined with ATMi or WEE1i dramatically decreased cell feasibility, and clonogenic survival, and triggered apoptosis, as evidenced by caspase-3/7 activation. The face of DDR-connected proteins concerned in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation changed significantly as a result of these combo therapies. The Ola-induced overexpression of proteins that control cell destiny following DNA damage is reversed in PEO1-OR cells when ATMi and WEE1i are present. Overall, OR to PARPi is successfully reversed by the addition of ATM or WEE1 inhibitors, which also changed the expression of important DDR-related proteins and had anti-proliferative effects on BRCA2MUT OROC cells. These results provide a potential method to circumvent OR in OC therapy by shedding light on the cellular response to a combination of Ola and ATM/WEE1 pathway inhibitors.

Consequences Of Climate Change And Mitigation Measures For Global Sustainable Development.

2025-04-12T11:08:49+00:00

The mother earth is facing consequential environmental snag with fast depleting natural resources and threat to most of the ecosystems. A large number of environment’s friend is showing concerns on overall change in climate of the planet. The general state of the world’s climate is referred as ‘Global Climate’. Climate change can be categorized into two kinds--natural climate change and anthropogenic climate change. The first reason of changing climate is increased green house gases (GHGs), cutting of trees and human projected activities, resulting in change in the form of increase in temperature, change in rainfall pattern, melting of glaciers and rise in sea level, occurrence of wildfires etc. [1]. Climate has a profound influence on life on earth. It affects landforms, soil types and biodiversity thereby becomes a serious global concern. However, there is a need of the hour to attenuate the effect of global climate change for sustainability. The mitigation define by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): “An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases”. However, remedial steps need to be taken in order to embark upon these climatic issues. To end these hazards, innovative solutions must be brought forward.

Enhancing Self-Compassion through Virtual Tools: A Systematic Review of Existing Digital Interventions.

2025-04-12T11:14:16+00:00

Self-compassion, the practice of treating oneself with kindness and understanding during times of difficulty, is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in emotional resilience and mental well-being. With the rapid growth of digital technology, virtual tools offer an innovative avenue for fostering self-compassion. This systematic review examines existing digital interventions, such as mobile applications, online platforms, and virtual reality tools, designed to enhance self-compassion. The review evaluates studies published over the past decade, focusing on intervention design, target populations, and outcomes. Key findings highlight the effectiveness of features such as guided meditations, self-compassion exercises, and interactive modules in reducing self-criticism and improving emotional regulation. Virtual tools also demonstrate potential for scalability, accessibility, and personalization, making them particularly valuable for underserved populations. However, limitations include inconsistent metrics for evaluating self-compassion, variability in user engagement, and limited long-term follow-up data. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR), present exciting opportunities to create immersive and adaptive self-compassion training experiences. This review underscores the need for more rigorous, longitudinal research to establish the efficacy of digital interventions and refine their design. It concludes by offering recommendations for integrating digital self-compassion tools into broader mental health strategies, emphasizing the importance of accessibility, cultural sensitivity, and user-centered design. By leveraging technology, digital interventions hold promise in making self-compassion training more widespread, engaging, and impactful.

A Comparative study on Educational philosophies of Japan and Malaysian School Education System.

2025-04-12T11:18:30+00:00

The purpose of the study was to investigate the reflections on educational policies in Japan and Malaysia comparatively with regard to educational philosophies in school education. In this study a qualitative descriptive research was used to compare educational philosophies such as epistemology, axiology, concept of education, learner perspectives and knowledge aims related to creativity, innovation, skills and competencies of the two countries in their respective educational policies. The data were collected through document analysis. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data gathered from the official documents and research reports. Regarding the reflections of educational philosophies of policies, it was found that ultimate aim for knowledge acquisition is for overall development of the individual and the philosophy of education is thus concerned not only with philosophical questions about education as such but with larger questions of education policy and the roles of educational institutions in societies. It also reflect around the nature of education and the kinds of normative questions that arise concerning education for similar purposes in the two countries.

Development, Optimization & Evaluation Of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Of Celecoxib.

2025-04-12T11:24:11+00:00

Celecoxib belongs to the category of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug having poor oral bioavailability caused by the first-pass metabolism. Work in present to improve the oral bioavailability of celecoxib by incorporating into SLNs. Several celecoxib loaded formulation of SLNs were formulated using lipid by a method known as solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimization is done by central composite drug design. The physical compatibility study of drug excipients was done by FTIR. Optimizes celecoxib loaded-SLNs have particle size in range of 314 nm with entrapment efficiency varying in between 79% was developed. The comparision between the data of ex-vivo release and marketed formulation was done. It showed an important difference observed between marketed formulation and optimized formulation. The data of optimized formulation released and was subjected to many release kinetic model, the model known as Higuchi kinetic was found to be best fitted with R²=0.955. The result obtained shows that the SLNs are potential lipid carrier for the improvement of celecoxib by the minimization of the first pass metabolism.

To Study Association Between Perioperative, Operative And Patient’s Factors And The Complications During Stoma Closure In Pediatrics Patients

2025-04-12T11:28:18+00:00

Background: Stoma closure is a frequent elective procedure in pediatric surgery. Despite the benefits for the child, this procedure is associated with serious risks such as surgical site infection (SSI), anastomotic dehiscence, postoperative small bowel adhesions, and even mortality.

Objective: The aim of this study was to audit the complications of stoma closure. The primary outcome was to determine the complication rate. The secondary outcome was to determine other associated factors.

Method: This prospective observational study done in department of surgery SMS medical college Jaipur from January 2022 to January 2024, all patients at pediatric age group [less than 18years of age]. Individual patient records were reviewed to extract information prospectively. Inclusion criteria were all patients with previous stoma constructed during both elective and emergency surgery during the above time period. The following information was extracted from the patient records: patient demographics, indication for ileostomy, comorbidity status, length of hospital- stay, duration of stoma, time taken to achieve bowel movement after closure, performance status of the patient.

Results: A total of 160 patients were included in the study. The median time to achieve bowel movement post closure was 3 days (range 2-16 days). The overall complication rate was 47.5%. Major complications were seen in 35% and Minor complications accounted for 25% (36/160). four patients (2.5%) died after closure from medical complications. The median follow-up duration was 10 (0–81) months. Two patient (1.6 %) died; the patient had colonic atresia and had undergone ileostomy for perforation during the neonatal period.

Conclusion: stoma closure is associated with significant morbidity. While different surgeons used different preoperative antibiotic regimens, abdominal closure methods, times to NG tube removal, and times for oral feeding initiation, none of these affected the postoperative course and prognosis. In conclusion, ostomy is an important procedure that has both psychological and social impacts on the children and their families. The preoperative inpatient period and duration of antibiotic use in children can be decreased by standardization of the procedures used through the implementation of practice guidelines for each clinic and the procedure can be performed with an aesthetically more acceptable incision.

The Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases Among HIV-Positive Individuals: A Clinical Analysis.

2025-04-12T11:39:46+00:00

The medical communities worldwide achieved major progress after introducing antiretroviral therapy which turned fatal HIV into sustainable chronic condition treatment. The successful treatment of HIV through antiretroviral therapy now leads to worrying new difficulties because HIV-positive persons face higher frequencies of non-communicable diseases when compared to their general population peers. A cross-sectional research evaluated the HIV-Non-Communicable Disease relationship by measuring 900 participants (including 300 HIV-positive along with 600 HIV-negative controls) from different healthcare facilities. The research showed that HIV-positive individuals experienced higher occurrences of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and respiratory conditions than the control group while revealing that 62% of them presented two or more concurrent NCDs. The research presented results regarding HIV infection and treatment and their effects on NCD development while showing substantial impact on medical costs and patient health outcomes. Different patterns of NCD features emerged within HIV-positive subjects so we suggest establishing specialized assessment and treatment methods. The study demonstrates the necessity of establishing healthcare systems which simultaneously manage HIV and prevent NCDs for these vulnerable patients.

Exploring the Homoeopathic Use of Allium Cepa: A Narrative Review.

2025-04-12T11:45:03+00:00

Background: Allium cepa (onion) is a widely cultivated plant with significant medicinal properties. It is commonly used in homeopathy and complementary medicine for its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, respiratory, and anticancer effects. Bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, sulfur compounds, and polyphenols contribute to its pharmacological benefits

Objective: This narrative review aims to evaluate the therapeutic applications of Allium cepa in Homoeopathic and alternative medicine

Methods: A literature search was conducted using databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Research gate and Google Scholar. The review selected studies from 1953 to 2024 that focused on the medicinal and Homoeopathic applications of Allium cepa. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed studies discussing its pharmacological effects, while non-English articles, studies focusing on culinary uses, and those lacking primary data were excluded.

Results: A total of 14 papers were assessed for phytochemical and 10 articles for therapeutic value Allium cepa extracts have antimicrobial properties, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger. They also have antioxidant properties, helping to mitigate oxidative stress in metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity. Homoeopathic Allium cepa effectively manages allergic rhinitis, URTI, and asthma, improving patient outcomes. In vitro and in vivo studies show that Allium cepa extracts induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and modulate gene expression in cancer cells.

Conclusion: Allium cepa demonstrates significant therapeutic potential, particularly in Homoeopathic and alternative medicine. However, further large-scale clinical trials and standardized formulations are required to validate its efficacy.

Development and Optimization of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Solid-SNEDDS) for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Itraconazole.

2025-04-12T11:51:48+00:00

This study aimed to develop and optimize a Solid-Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Solid-SNEDDS) to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of itraconazole. The optimized formulation (SF1) was prepared using Capmul MCM, Tween 20, and Propylene Glycol as excipients. Solubility studies indicated the highest solubility in Capmul MCM (8.7 mg/ml). SF1 demonstrated a drug content of 95.15% ± 0.12 and an entrapment efficiency of 89.56% ± 0.12, suggesting efficient drug loading and minimal leakage. In vitro dissolution studies showed a maximum drug release of 98.82% at 8 hours, surpassing the marketed formulation's 98.5%. Particle size analysis revealed a mean size of 95.2 nm with a PDI of 0.115, indicating uniform distribution, while a zeta potential of -29.3 mV suggested good colloidal stability. FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed the stability and compatibility of formulation components. Stability studies over three months indicated no significant changes in drug content, entrapment efficiency, or drug release. The results suggest that the optimized Solid-SNEDDS formulation significantly improves the solubility and bioavailability of itraconazole, offering a promising strategy for the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs.

Structural Patterns and Narrative Presence: A Quantitative Study of Character Types and Story Arcs in Ama Ata Aidoo’s No Sweetness Here.

2025-04-12T11:59:12+00:00

This article offers a quantitative structural analysis of Ama Ata Aidoo’s No Sweetness Here, a foundational collection of eleven stories depicting the social, emotional, and political realities of postcolonial Ghana. This study codes narrative variables of interest — the elements of narrative voice, dominant mode, protagonist gender, protagonist class, setting, time span, and ending types — in each of the stories, using Microsoft Excel as the primary analytical tool. The results also reveal that female characters are not only the most frequent — they’re also structurally central; they often function as emotional anchors in stories of loss, silence and resilience. Tragic, ambivalent endings are the most common, especially for stories about rural or working-class women, while redemptive endings are rare and hard-earned. The first-person narration, accompanied by dialogue-heavy passages of prose and compressed stretches of time and space, is an old trick of the trade for Aidoo, a vestige from the oral tradition of African storytelling, that allows for intimate access to her characters’ psychological and cultural conflicts. This study melds literary formalism and empirical content analysis to show that Aidoo’s storytelling choices are deliberate tools of gendered critique and socio-political commentary. This paper contributes to feminist narratology, African literary studies, and the emerging integration of quantitative methods into literary scholarship.

A Rare Case Series Of Sex Cord Stromal Cell Tumour

2025-04-14T05:22:51+00:00

Sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms arising from the sex cords and stromal components of the gonads, encompassing both the ovaries and testes. They account for approximately 5-8% of malignant potential is 3-4% of ovarian neoplasms and a smaller fraction of testicular tumors. These tumors are unique in that they often secrete sex steroids such as estrogen, progesterone, or androgens, contributing to diverse endocrine manifestations, including menstrual irregularities, virilization, or feminization depending on the hormone produced. Common subtypes include granulosa cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, fibromas, and thecomas, each with varying clinical behavior and prognosis. While many SCSTs tend to follow a benign course, certain types exhibit malignant potential, necessitating long-term surveillance and intervention. Diagnosis is largely reliant on histopathological evaluation supported by immunohistochemistry, which helps differentiate them from other gonadal tumors. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI assist in initial localization and characterization but are not definitive. Treatment primarily involves surgical excision, often followed by adjuvant therapies like chemotherapy or radiotherapy, depending on factors such as histological subtype, tumor grade, and stage at presentation. Fertility-sparing surgery may be considered in younger patients with early-stage disease. Prognosis is generally favorable for benign tumors, but malignant variants may recur and require close follow-up. Advances in molecular genetics and biomarker discovery are contributing to improved diagnostic accuracy and individualized management strategies. Understanding the clinical, hormonal, and pathological spectrum of sex cord-stromal tumors is essential for timely diagnosis and optimal patient outcomes.

Rare Case Of Accesory Cavitated Uterine Malformation

2025-04-14T05:33:30+00:00

Accessory Cavitated Uterine Malformation (ACUM) is a rare and often underdiagnosed congenital uterine anomaly that typically presents in adolescents and young women with severe dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. It is characterized by the presence of an accessory, non-communicating uterine cavity lined by functional endometrium within an otherwise normal uterus. ACUM is often mistaken for other Müllerian anomalies or gynecological pathologies such as hematometra, endometriosis, or fibroids due to overlapping clinical and radiological features.

We report a rare case of a 16-year-old adolescent female who presented with severe cyclical lower abdominal pain since menarche, which was not relieved by medical management. Pelvic ultrasonography and MRI revealed a normal uterine anatomy with a well-circumscribed cystic lesion in the anterior wall of the uterus, suggestive of a cavitated lesion containing altered blood products. Diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed the presence of a non-communicating accessory cavity within the myometrium. Complete excision of the cavity and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of ACUM.

This case highlights the importance of considering ACUM as a differential diagnosis in young females presenting with intractable dysmenorrhea, especially when imaging shows a cystic lesion within a normal uterus. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to relieve symptoms and prevent complications such as infertility or progression to chronic pelvic pain. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, offering complete symptom resolution and improved quality of life. Awareness of this rare condition among clinicians and radiologists is crucial to avoid unnecessary diagnostic delays and interventions

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, And Biological Evaluation Of Cyclic Tripeptides: Investigating Their Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, And Antioxidant Potential Through Spectroscopic And Bioactivity Assays

2025-04-14T05:41:14+00:00

The goal of this study was to create new cyclic tripeptides (CTRIP-1 and CTRIP-2) and assess their pharmacological potential for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. TLC, mass spectrometry, FTIR, melting point measurement, and NMR spectroscopy were used to synthesise and characterise both peptides. The agar well diffusion method was used to measure antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Zones of inhibition for CTRIP-2 increased dose-dependently and approached those of norfloxacin at higher doses, demonstrating its better antibacterial activity over CTRIP-1. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition assays revealed significant anti-inflammatory activity for both peptides, with CTRIP-2 showing stronger inhibition (COX-1: 82.85%; COX-2: 85.76%) relative to CTRIP-1. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using the ABTS radical decolorization assay, where CTRIP-2 (IC₅₀: 118.92 µg/mL) showed better radical scavenging ability than CTRIP-1 and was comparable to Vitamin C. The results collectively highlight CTRIP-2 as a promising candidate for further development due to its potent and broad-spectrum bioactivity.

Development Of Novel Protective Strategies For Riga-Fede Disease In Infants A Clinical Trial

2025-04-14T07:05:04+00:00

Riga-Fede disease (RFD) is a rare traumatic ulcerative condition observed in infants, typically caused by repetitive friction of the tongue or oral mucosa against natal or neonatal teeth. The present study aims to develop novel protective strategies to prevent and manage RFD through clinical intervention. A prospective clinical trial was conducted on infants diagnosed with RFD to evaluate the efficacy of customized protective oral appliances, bioadhesive gels, and modified feeding techniques in minimizing trauma and promoting ulcer healing. The study included infants aged 3 to 12 months with confirmed RFD. The primary outcomes assessed were reduction in ulcer size, pain relief, and overall healing time. Results indicated that the application of bioadhesive gels combined with a protective oral appliance significantly reduced ulcer progression and improved healing outcomes compared to conventional treatment. The findings highlight the potential of these novel strategies in enhancing the management of RFD and preventing recurrence. Future research should focus on long-term follow-up and further refinement of these protective measures to optimize patient outcomes.

Efficacy Of Immunomodulatory Therapies In Neonatal Pemphigus A Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-04-14T07:25:36+00:00

Background: Neonatal pemphigus appears as a very uncommon autoimmune blistering condition which develops because maternal autoantibodies against desmosomal proteins pass through the placenta to the baby. The current available therapies do not provide satisfactory outcomes so medical scientists explore immunomodulatory treatments as safer and possibly better therapeutic options. Aim: The objective of this randomized controlled trial evaluated how well and safely immunomodulatory treatments worked for treating neonatal pemphigus.

Materials and Methods: This clinical trial included 60 pemphigus-diagnosed newborns who were distributed randomly into two groups where the first group (n = 30) received IVIG and corticosteroids under immunomodulatory therapy and the second group (n = 30) received standard palliative care treatment.

Results and discussion: The main evaluation target was blister duration but the study additionally analyzed judgments of disease seriousness alongside recurrence frequency and side effect occurrence. Eligible subjects in the immunomodulatory therapy group achieved blister cure more quickly (7.2 ± 1.8 days) than patients in the control group (12.5 ± 2.6 days, p < 0.001). Analysis revealed that the disease severity score reached 2.3 ± 0.8 points during week 2 in the immunotherapy group compared to 4.7 ± 1.2 points in the control group (p < 0.01). The recurrence rate between groups proved significant when compared with 10% versus 33% (p = 0.02). Complications between both patient groups proved comparable because no severe side effects occurred.

Conclusion: Immunomodulatory therapy, particularly IVIG combined with corticosteroids, significantly improves clinical outcomes in neonatal pemphigus by accelerating blister healing and reducing disease severity without increasing adverse effects. These findings suggest that immunomodulatory therapy could be considered as a first-line treatment for neonatal pemphigus. Further long-term studies are required to confirm its sustained benefits and safety profile.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology for the Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors: A Review

2025-04-14T07:40:21+00:00

Background: The digital technology has revolutionized many fields including the healthcare. The advancement in digital technology in the form of artificial intelligence is going to revamp the patient care in near future. The application of convolutional neural network in the computer aided diagnostic system has revealed very promising results.

Material and methods: The research papers were collected after searching the databases by using the specific key words such as convolutional network (CNN), ResNet34, ResNet50, ResNet101, ResNet152, EfficientNet B3 and VGG-19. The search period was five years from 2020 to 2024.

Results: A total of 33 research article have been selected for this review paper on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The significant majority of the studies revealed that diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence technology regarding the histopathological diagnosis of malignant tumors ranged from 85% to 100%.

Discussion: The computer aided diagnostic system based on artificial intelligence technology has emerged as excellent technique for the histopathological examination of the tissue specimens. In some conditions, it has surpassed the pathologist in the speedy evaluation of lesions with more diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion: The application of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of the malignant tumors could provide a very valuable assistance to the pathologist. It would provide more speedy results with high accuracy which could be very important in the patient care

Formulation And Evaluation of plant-based Hydrogel for Antimicrobial Activity

2025-04-14T07:55:34+00:00

The study was aimed to develop and evaluate a plant-based hydrogel incorporating chitosan polymer for its in-vitro antibacterial activity. The hydrogel was prepared by using chitosan polymer, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, glycerin, acetic acid, triethanolamine, moringa oleifera leaf extract and distilled water. Triethanolamine was gradually added drop by drop to maintain the pH of skin. The hydrogel formulations were assessed based on various parameters, including physical appearance, homogeneity, viscosity, extrudability, pH, spreadability, moisture content and antimicrobial efficacy. The formulated gel was dark brown, homogenous and pH ranges from 6.24 to 6.29 which is close to the skin pH. Formulation F4 showed acceptable rheological property with applicable spreadability, extrudability, moisture content and in- vitro antibacterial activity. The phytochemical screening of methanolic extract revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, phenols and tannins. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method. The m. oleifera plant was recognized as a rich source of natural antimicrobial agents due to its phytochemical properties. The antimicrobial activity of the test sample was quantified by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone in millimeters. The formulation F4 shows highest inhibition zone of 17mm at the highest concentration (100mg/ml). Antimicrobial screening revealed that the crude methanolic extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis

Effectiveness Of Nutrition Communication Skills In Childhood Obesity Management: A Systematic Review Of Counseling Strategies, Behavioral Engagement, And Sustainable Health Outcomes

2025-04-14T09:41:08+00:00

Background: Childhood obesity remains a global public health challenge, often rooted in complex interactions among dietary habits, physical inactivity, and environmental factors. Effective nutrition communication skills—particularly during counseling sessions—are considered pivotal for guiding children and families toward healthier behaviors. However, evidence on which specific communication strategies most reliably promote long-term engagement and sustainable health outcomes has not been systematically synthesized.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed articles from January 2016 to May 2023. Eligible studies had to report on the use or evaluation of nutrition-related communication or counseling strategies targeting children (aged 5–17) with overweight or obesity. We included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, and single-case studies that quantitatively measured changes in dietary behaviors, body composition, or metabolic markers. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using an adapted Cochrane or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity in outcomes precluded meta-analysis, prompting a narrative synthesis.

Results: A total of 20 studies (N=2,462 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions varied in content delivery (one-on-one counseling vs. group sessions), communication methods (motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral techniques, telehealth), and engagement tools (visual aids, interactive modules). Most studies reported improvements in dietary adherence (≥10% increase in fruit/vegetable intake), reduction in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and modest BMI z-score decreases (0.2–0.5) at 6–12 months follow-up. Tailored, empathetic communication—especially motivational interviewing—was strongly associated with higher family engagement and better maintenance of healthy eating habits.

Discussion: Findings indicate that nutrition communication strategies emphasizing collaborative goal-setting, consistent follow-up, and culturally relevant messages can lead to meaningful improvements in dietary choices and weight management among children. Future research should focus on standardizing outcome measures, expanding long-term follow-up, and exploring digital communication platforms to enhance accessibility and sustainability of counseling interventions

A Personality-Based Approach to Understanding Achievement Motivation in Professionals

2025-04-14T09:51:37+00:00

The aim of the present study is to explore the link between personality and achievement motivation in working personnel. 103 participants (41 female, 62 males) were assessed on AMS & TIPI and Regression analysis was conducted along with other descriptives using SPSS. Result shows that ‘Emotional stability’ is a significant positive predictor of ‘hope for success’ and ‘Agreeableness’, ‘Emotional stability’, ‘Openness to experiences’ are significant negative predictors of ‘fear of failure’ in working personnel. So, Emotional stability or the opposite pole- Neuroticism is a common significant predictor of both types of achievement motivation

Assessment of the Oral Health Impacts of Vaping Compared to Traditional Tobacco Use among adolescent population visiting a teaching hospital in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh

2025-04-14T09:59:53+00:00

Introduction: E-cigarettes deliver nicotine through aerosolized vapor, which users inhale. This method of nicotine delivery has led to perceptions of reduced harm compared to conventional smoking, and many individuals have turned to vaping as a means to quit smoking or as a perceived healthier alternative.

Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess and compare the oral health impacts of e-cigarette use (vaping) and traditional tobacco use among adolescents visiting a teaching hospital in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh.

Materials & Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among the participantswhich were categorized into three groups: those who used electronic cigarettes (vapers), those who used traditional tobacco products (smokers), and those who did not use any tobacco or vaping products (control group).

Results: This cross-sectional study provided comprehensive evidence that both traditional cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette use are associated with adverse oral health outcomes, although the severity is greater in traditional cigarette smokers.The analysis showed that both vapers (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.45-3.03, p < 0.001) and smokers (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.72-3.50, p < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of periodontal disease compared to non-users.

Conclusion: In summary, this study highlights the significant impact of smoking and vaping on periodontal health and oral mucosal lesions.

Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles of Lilium candidum and Its Antimicrobial Activity

2025-04-14T10:13:19+00:00

Researchers are becoming more interested in green nanotechnology in the production of nanoparticles. Because of their biological and physicochemical characteristics, nanotechnologies find use in a wide range of industries, such as drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. Green synthesis is an environmentally benign method that should be investigated further to see if various plants can produce nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles range in size from one to one hundred nanometres. Since bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to many antibiotics and because excessive use of these synthetic treatments can be harmful and have further negative effects on the human body, multidrug resistance has emerged as a significant and difficult problem for the pharmaceutical industry. The current study assesses the antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening properties as well as the green production and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. Crude extracts of Lilium candidum leaves were made using three different solvents: petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Using the reducing power assay technique and DPPH, antioxidant activity was investigated. Silver nanoparticles were created by combining Lilium candidum leaf aqueous extract with a 1 mM AgNO3 solution. FTIR spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectrometry were used to characterise the produced silver nanoparticles. The agar well diffusion method was used to investigate antimicrobial activity. Several phytochemicals, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, and free anthraquinones, were found to be present in the methanol extract, according to the results of the phytochemical screening. The leaves of the methanolic extract had a total phenolic content of 0.068 mg/gm, with flavonoids coming in second at 1.089 mg/gm. Similarly, methanol extract demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial and efficient free radical scavenging properties. The generated silver nanoparticles characterisation results showed that plant phyto-constituents create and stabilise the silver nanoparticles, and they also demonstrated positive antibacterial properties. The use of natural resources is the best option for producing NPs as a sustainable, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and chemically contaminant-free method. The green synthesis process is a crucial field in nanotechnology. There are numerous possible biological and medicinal uses for these silver nanoparticles.

A Deep Learning Framework for Building Social Connections in Individuals with Autism

2025-04-14T11:23:34+00:00

Biomedical images and social media data can be incorporated to detect Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a type of neurological or brain-related problem. A neurological condition called autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked with brain progress and consequently affects how the face looks on the outside. ASD children differ significantly from normal children called typically developed (TD) children in that they have different facial landmarks. The proposed research is novel that aims to create a system based on facial recognition and social media for autism spectrum disorder detection. Deep learning techniques are used to identify these landmarks, but they need precise technology to extract and create the right patterns of the facial features. This study uses a deep learning algorithm that is, a convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning to facilitate communities and psychiatrists experimentally detect autism based on facial features. Pre-trained models such as EfficientNet, Xception, Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG19) and NASNETMobile were applied to the classification task. Performance assessment standards such as accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were used to compare the outcomes of these models. With the accuracy result of 92.33%, VGG19 model outperformed EfficientNet (78.57%), NASNETMobile (62.24%) and Xception (78.91%) in autism detection in patients

A Deep Learning Based Model for Plant Disease Detection

2025-04-14T11:46:38+00:00

Plant diseases present increasing threats to agriculture which require precise early disease detection systems and powerful management solutions to preserve crop health and maximize productivity. This research studies the application of CNNs and combines it with ML and DL while investigating their capability to identify plant diseases accurately. Through precise detection capability the system incorporates Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based treatment recommendations which suggest optimal solutions. These innovative technologies enable better agricultural decisions which result in higher crop production with lower losses. Nothing works as effectively toward plant disease management as the early and accurate identification of diseases. Traditional expansive plant disease assessment requires specialized personnel and operates at slow speeds which restricts its practical use on extensive areas. This research develops a computing solution which combines image processing techniques and machine learning for plant disease detection automation. The system performs feature extraction through texture analysis alongside color attribute examination and shape descriptor evaluation applied to images containing healthy and infected plant leaves. A dataset made up of healthy and diseased plant leaf images supports the proposed system that utilizes feature extraction through texture analysis with color properties combined with shape descriptors. A proposed CNN is used on plant leaves to identify healthy versus diseased classes, producing an average accuracy of 94.65% on 14 types of plants having 38 types of diseases.

A Comprehensive Review on the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Organizational Agility

2025-04-14T11:56:56+00:00

In the fast-changing technology environment, the most critical question that faces any organization is not "whether" to go for corporate agility but to "what degree" and "how best" to develop that flexibility. In addition, the organizational agility concepts become significant from the time of COVID-19 since new ways are required by organizations for the improving employee engagement, building organizational performance and capabilities for assisting their competitiveness and delivering on their business strategy. Economic, legislative, and political pressures and market competition served a pivotal role in the need for the increased strategic and organizational agility. Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances organizational agility through digital capabilities in this study. As organizations integrate AI tools, they can enhance internal processes, simplify operations, facilitate efficient decision-making, as well as be more responsive to market dynamics and customer needs externally. The organization’s transformation is determined by AI tools to leverage the firm’s digital capabilities, thereby the firm could become more agile in terms of internal processes and the external environment challenges. An exploration of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming businesses to succeed in rapidly changing environments is presented in this paper. In this study, we highlight the enabling role of AI in fostering operational, strategic, and portfolio agility in conjunction with critical agility frameworks, which includes the machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT) and neural networks. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates AI's transformative potential in organizations by discussing its impact on decision-making, innovation, and resource allocation. In order to build resilient, competitive, and adaptive enterprises, artificial intelligence-driven solutions must be incorporated.

Viral Infections in the Modern Era: Advances in Medical Microbiology and Diagnostic Approaches

2025-04-14T12:08:53+00:00

Viral infections continue to pose significant global health challenges, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic approaches. This review explores the evolution of viral diagnostics, from early culture-based techniques to modern molecular tools such as PCR, isothermal amplification, and CRISPR-based assays. It also highlights advancements in immunological methods, biosensors, and non-invasive testing. The integration of artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and digital health platforms has further revolutionized point-of-care testing and outbreak surveillance. While these innovations enhance diagnostic capabilities, issues like scalability, cost, and adaptability to viral mutations remain. Addressing these challenges is crucial for developing effective, accessible, and resilient diagnostic systems. Emerging technologies promise to bridge diagnostic gaps, especially in low-resource settings. A multidisciplinary approach will be key to driving future innovation and preparedness against viral threats.

The Influence of Hospital Digital Marketing on Patient Loyalty through Patient Experience: A Study of Hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia

2025-04-14T12:22:08+00:00

Background. Competition in the healthcare industry has intensified, requiring hospitals to adopt effective marketing strategies to maintain patient loyalty. Digital marketing is one of the key solutions in improving patient experience which directly contributes to patient loyalty. Objective. This study aims to analyse the effect of hospital digital marketing on patient loyalty through patient experience of hospitals in Makassar.

Methods. This study used a correlation analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Makassar, namely Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Stella Maris Hospital, and Hasanuddin University Hospital, from March to June 2024. The study population was all outpatients who used the general payment method. The sampling technique used proportionate stratified random sampling, with a total sample of 393 patients. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data were obtained from literature and relevant agencies. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS programme, with univariate and bivariate techniques and multivariate using PATH analysis.

Results. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of digital marketing on patient loyalty through patient experience with a significant value (0.010). Overall, the results of this study confirm the importance of implementing effective digital marketing in increasing patient loyalty through patient experience in hospitals. This study concludes that hospital digital marketing has a significant influence on patient loyalty through patient experience.

Conclusions. Effective digital marketing, which includes the use of social media, websites and mobile apps, is able to improve patient experience, which in turn strengthens patient loyalty. Although patient experience has an indirect influence on loyalty, the results show that digital marketing makes a major contribution in creating positive experiences that influence patient satisfaction and commitment

Integration of Automatic Teller Machine with Face Recognition

2025-04-14T12:46:52+00:00

Integration of facial recognition technology with Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) has substantially improved banking security. The main approach utilized by conventional ATMs, credit card cloning, skimming, and illicit PIN access are security concerns related with card-based authentication. By means of facial recognition technology, this work aims to offer a more foolproof and hassle-free biometric authentication solution. Thanks to the proposed system's usage of advanced facial recognition algorithms for user authentication, there are no more physical cards and reduced opportunity of fraud. Some of the factors investigated in this work apply to the construction of an effective architecture for including face recognition into present ATM systems: dataset selection, algorithm performance, and real-time processing capabilities. With a validation accuracy of 96%, extensive testing showed that the system exceeded present methods dependent on actual tokens. Evaluation criteria included processing time, True Positive Rate (TPR), and False Acceptance Rate (FAR) helped one to evaluate the dependability and performance of the system. The proposed method shows better in terms of accuracy, safety, and simplicity of use than conventional ones. This work expands the body of knowledge already in use by presenting a fresh approach for ATM authentication that provides great dependability and customer data protection. This solution has the power to transform the banking industry by giving customers a safer, more simple, and more quick access to their accounts.

A Prospective Cohort Study To Estimate The Amount Of Scarring Of Liver In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

2025-04-14T13:00:22+00:00

Background: NAFLD encompasses a variety of disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The FIB-4 index is primarily used to detect liver fibrosis in alcoholic and infectious liver disease patients. This study will aid in identifying people at risk of developing liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients using the FIB-4 score.

Material and methods: A prospective study was undertaken among 31 patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. All patients were treated to a full clinical examination, including laboratory tests. All cases were subjected to CBC, RFT, and LFT investigations. Fibroscan and LSM were conducted according to manufacturer instructions.

Results: In this study, the mean BMI was 28.0, AST was 137.5, ALT was 74.0, platelet count was 166548.4, and HbA1c was 8.3. Approximately 64.5% of the cases had F4 grade fibrosis. The correlation coefficient between HbA1c and FIB-4 score was -0.135, which was negative but not significant.

Conclusion: It is critical that diabetics be checked for, recognized, and referred for advanced fibrosis in a proactive way.

Study Of Platelet Indices In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Associated Micro Vascular Complications.

2025-04-14T13:05:24+00:00

Introduction: Diabetes, a serious long-term condition, is considered one of the great global health challenges of the twenty-first century. An estimated 463 million people had diabetes in 2019, and this is expected to reach 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045.

The mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of the average size and activity of platelets. Larger platelets are younger and exhibit more activity. The increased platelet activity may play a role in the development of vascular complications of this metabolic disorder.

Objectives:

1) To determine platelet indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

2) To study association of platelet indices with microvascular complications in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

materials and methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in Department of Medicine of RL Jalappa Hospital, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar. A total of 30 cases were included in to the study and divided into 2 groups, one with diabetic and one without diabetic. HbA_1c values were conducted. A comprehensive blood count analysis, including the platelet indices (MPV, PDW, and P-LCR), was performed on the sample using a five-part differentiated automated hematology analyzer within two hours after venepuncture

Result: The present study consisted of 30 subjects divided into 2 groups of 15 each, cases (I) and controls (II). The average MPV in diabetics was 8.76 ± 1.25 fL as compared to the controls where it was 8.8 ± 0.96 fL with a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. PDW among the cases was12.18 ± 1.8 fL, while in controls, it was 11.82 ± 1.99 FL (p=0.001). The mean P-LCR was 32.35 ± 6.57 among the cases, in comparison to the mean P-LCR among the controls, which was 29.0 ± 5.79 (p=0.001). In this study, the MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were significantly raised in individuals having diabetes with microvascular complications when compared with patients without complications. The mean MPV in diabetics with complications was 8.84 ± 1.29 fL and in those without complications was 8.71 ± 1.05 fL (with a p-value of P = 2×10−3) which is statistically significant. Similar results were obtained in cases of PDW and P LCR. The mean PDW in diabetics with complications was 12.46 ± 2.2 fL and without complications was 11.86 ± 1.51 fL ((with a p-value of P = 2×10−3)). The mean P-LCR in diabetics with microvascular complications was 30.69 ± 5.17 and without complications was 31.6 ± 7.37

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, there is a statistical correlation between type 2 diabetes and variations in platelet indices, resulting in the associated microvascular complications. Higher MPV, PDW, and P-LCR values suggest that these parameters are more reliable predictors of early vascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be utilized as an easy-to-use, low-cost method. They are a readily available, economical, practical, noninvasive, and simple-to-understand approach for assessing platelet dysfunction, which in turn helps anticipate the existence of microvascular complications.

Prostatic Hyperplasia And Homoeopathy:An Evidence Based Case Report.

2025-04-14T13:10:23+00:00

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is an age associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause difficulty in urination. It is one of the most common disease in ageing men and the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. A case of 67 years old male reported with a condition of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia along with the pain during micturition with increase frequency of urine at night and occasionally retention of urine was present. The ultrasound report of patient shows the volume of prostate was 37 cc. During the line of treatment, he was given Tabaccum 30 thrice a day and SabalserrualataQ twice a day repeatedly for 6 months of time period. During this time period, his urinary complaints were getting better and after five months of treatment, ultrasound report shows the volume of prostate reduced to20cc. Patient is having relief in urinary complaints and frequency of urine decreases, his pain in abdomen is also better. So this case shows the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines in cases where other line of treatment are not more feasible.

Volumetric Assessment of the Medulla Oblongata According to Sex Using 1.5T Magnetic Resonances Imaging.

2025-04-14T13:15:53+00:00

Background: The medulla oblongata, a critical brainstem structure, governs essential autonomic functions such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure. Understanding its anatomical and volumetric characteristics is vital for diagnosing neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, forensic investigations, and neurosurgical planning. Despite advancements in neuroimaging, normative data—especially population-specific information related to age and gender—remain limited, particularly in the western region of Gujarat. This study aims to establish normative volumetric data for the medulla oblongata using 1.5 Tesla MRI in the Western Gujarat population.

Method: This retrospective observational study was conducted on 50 subjects (26 males and 24 females) aged 20 to 66 years who underwent MRI brain scans at a tertiary care hospital from March 2023 to February 2024. Only scans with normal brain findings were included. MRI images were analyzed using Radiant DICOM Viewer 2023, and volumetric parameters such as length (MOL), width (MOW), height (MOH), and volume (MOV) of the medulla oblongata were measured.

Results: The study found significant differences in MOH and MOV between males and females (p < 0.001). Males had a higher average MOV (2274 mm³) than females (1752 mm³). Age-wise comparisons showed significant differences in MOL and MOW across age groups (p <0.024 and p < 0.020, respectively). Post-hoc analysis revealed that MOL significantly differed between the 20–29 and 30–39 age groups (p < 0.035), and MOW differed between the 50–59 and 60–69 groups (p < 0.036). Within-gender analysis found that MOV significantly varied among males across age groups (p < 0.022), while MOW varied among females (p < 0.048). Strong positive correlations were observed between MOV and individual medullary dimensions (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study establishes foundational normative data on the volumetric parameters of the medulla oblongata for the Western Gujarat population. Significant gender and age-related differences were observed, emphasizing the importance of demographic specificity in clinical assessments. These findings have potential applications in forensic science for gender identification, neurosurgical planning, and early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.

Prediction of Breast Cancer and Encasement using Explainable Artificial Intelligence Technique and Validation Boosting.

2025-04-14T13:19:43+00:00

Breast cancer stands as a substantial worldwide health problem which requires swift and precise medical diagnosis. Current research demonstrates that deep learning techniques within artificial intelligence enhance the ability to detect breast cancer effectively. This research implements explainable AI methods together with transfer learning through deep recurrent convolutional neural networks (RCNNs) to boost breast cancer recognition. The proposed model unites recurrent layers for sequential processing with convolutional layers for spatial feature extraction through which it detects local patterns together with mammogram temporal dependencies. The implementation of explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques allows professionals to understand model decisions therefore boosting its clinical applications. The proposed method receives performance-based evaluation using public mammography data which demonstrates superior breast cancer detection success versus baseline model performance. The approach delivers insights about the decision-making and learned representation processes to provide more transparency and trust when AI assists in diagnostic practices. The results of our study demonstrate the value of explainable AI-based transfer learning utilizing deep RCNNs for enhancing radiologist abilities and improving breast cancer patient results during screening and diagnosis procedures.

Comparative Study On Intestinal Flora Of The Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

2025-04-14T13:25:28+00:00

Background: To study the Intestinal flora of the regularly medicated Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients. To analyse the comparative study of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients with the normal Intestinal flora. To study the Drug sensitivity of the intestinal flora to anti-diabetic drugs. Isolation of the intestinal flora using culture media.

Methods: The micro-organisms are cultured using culture media like DCA (Deoxycholate citrate agar), XLD (Xylose lysine Deoxycholate) and MacConkey agar. Biochemical tests like Indole test, TSI, urease utilization, Citrate utilization are used to determine the species of the organisms. Study takes place in Central laboratory of A.C.S. Medical College & Hospital. A Comparative study with the period of the study Six (6) months and Sample size is 30 Faeces samples with the Inclusion criteria: Faecal samples of the diabetic patients under regular antidiabetic medication, Exclusion criteria: Faecal samples of non-medicated diabetic patients and normal human.

Results: In total of 30 Patients, 15 diabetic patients and 15 normal patients’ sample were taken and processed. In those diabetic patients has less E.colidominance and has Klebsiella Dominance. E.coli was sensitive to anti diabetic drug like metformin.

Conclusion: This study is done to find the changes in the regularly medicated patients and how it is changed. The intestinal flora is sensitive to the drugs and regular medication can degrade the intestine and high doses can cause permanent degradation in the intestinal flora. The regular medication can inflammable to intestine and can regenerate by the indigenous system of the medicine and the intestinal environment is maintained by the natural medication.

Lunch Break Activity impact on Afternoon Productivity in Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. in Nagpur.

2025-04-14T13:30:14+00:00

Lunch break activities significantly influence employee productivity during post-lunch hours, particularly in high-performance environments. This study explores the correlation between various lunch break practices and their subsequent impact on afternoon productivity at Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. in Nagpur. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative productivity metrics and qualitative employee feedback to provide a comprehensive analysis. Key findings reveal that engaging in recreational or mindfulness activities during lunch breaks leads to enhanced focus, reduced fatigue, and higher efficiency levels in the afternoon. Conversely, unstructured breaks or excessive screen time were observed to correlate with diminished performance and increased lethargy. The research also emphasizes the role of workplace culture in promoting effective break utilization, highlighting how structured wellness programs and ergonomic policies can further optimize employee performance. By identifying specific practices that drive productivity, this study provides actionable insights for organizations seeking to balance employee well-being with operational efficiency.

A Study on the Impact of Risk Management Strategies on Profitability at Persistent Systems, Nagpur.

2025-04-14T14:11:21+00:00

Effective risk management strategies play a pivotal role in enhancing the profitability of organizations, particularly in the technology sector. The study investigates the correlation between risk management strategies and profitability at Persistent Systems in Nagpur, aiming to explore how various risk mitigation tactics influence financial performance. By focusing on identifying key risks, analysing risk management frameworks, and evaluating their impact on operational outcomes, the research examines the role of strategic decision-making in minimizing uncertainties. It employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating qualitative insights from managers and quantitative analysis of financial data. The findings suggest that proactive risk identification and mitigation strategies directly contribute to improved profitability, particularly in volatile markets. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating comprehensive risk management practices into organizational culture and decision-making processes. Moreover, it highlights the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of risk strategies to address emerging challenges. The research concludes with recommendations for enhancing risk management frameworks, thereby fostering sustainable growth and ensuring profitability for Persistent Systems.

A Study on Pre and Post Merger Impact of PNB.

2025-04-14T14:18:05+00:00

The study investigates the impact of the merger on Punjab National Bank (PNB) by analysing both pre-merger and post-merger effects on its financial performance, operational efficiency, and overall market positioning. Focusing on the strategic, financial, and operational outcomes, the research explores the transformation of PNB after merging with its counterpart and assesses how these changes have shaped the bank's growth trajectory. The analysis includes a review of key performance indicators such as profitability, liquidity, asset management, and customer satisfaction. By evaluating the effectiveness of the integration process, the research highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by the bank in adapting to the merged entity's new structure. Additionally, the study explores the regulatory and management frameworks that have guided the transition, while considering the broader impact of such mergers on the banking sector. Insights from this research can serve as a reference for understanding the dynamics of mergers in the banking industry and the strategies that contribute to long-term success. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on corporate mergers and provides valuable lessons for stakeholders involved in future merger transactions.

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Expression of Ki-67 and Alpha-Fetoprotein as Indicators in Various Gallbladder Diseases

2025-04-15T04:33:44+00:00

Background: Gallbladder disease encompasses a spectrum of conditions affecting the gallbladder, including cholelithiasis (gallstones), cholecystitis (inflammation), gallbladder polyps, and gallbladder cancer. These disorders are influenced by multiple factors such as genetic predisposition, metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory pathways, and biliary stasis. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in gallbladder tissue.

Methods: This study was conducted at the College of Science, Wasit University, Iraq. Samples were collected from the Al Karama Teaching Hospital and Al Zahraa Hospital between October 2023 and July 2024. The study included 40 patients with cholecystitis (9 males and 31 females, aged 20–80 years) and 10 normal samples. The pathological classification categorized samples into acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, and hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess in situ the Ki-67 and AFP expression.

Results: Ki-67 expression increased progressively across the type disease recorded 1.2% in controls, 5.7% in acute cholecystitis, 8.93% in chronic cholecystitis, and 13.9% in hyperplasia, with a statistically significant association (p< 0.001). Overall, 72.5% of the samples tested positive for Ki-67 expression. In contrast, AFP expression remained low (1.0% in controls and acute cholecystitis, 2.05% in chronic cholecystitis, and 3.73% in hyperplasia) and showed no significant association with the disease type (p> 0.05). Only 15.0% of the samples tested positive for AFP.

Conclusion: These findings indicate Ki-67 expression is significantly associated with gallbladder disease and serves as a strong marker of histopathologic lesion progression, while AFP expression remains minimal and statistically insignificant.

Insight Into Dental Practitioners’ Knowledge And Awareness Of Oral Diseases Management - A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

2025-04-15T04:44:04+00:00

Background: Dentists play a crucial role in healthcare by offering guidance on oral health and performing both preventive and restorative treatments. In contemporary clinical practice, dentists determine the necessary investigations or tests to establish a diagnosis and manage the subsequent treatment of dental issues. Recently, there has been a growing focus on assessing the appropriateness of healthcare practices, which extends to the evaluation of protocols and procedures within the field of dentistry.

Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of diagnostic exams, treatments, and procedures among dental practitioners. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of dental practitioners about dental practice.

Material and methods: 171 dental specialists were included in the study. The questionnaire included 12 closed-ended, multiple choice questions. The questions were related to topics in general dentistry. Descriptive statistics were applied.

Results: The survey respondents are Dentists with or without specialty in dentistry (39.4% were undergraduates while 60.8% were postgraduates). The results were statistically significant for all 12 questions and the study highlights the imperative need for the advancement of the educational initiatives centered on fundamental treatment concepts within the field of dentistry.

Conclusion: Specialty dentists who operate within their specific fields are required to possess a fundamental understanding of general dental practice. Regular participation in continuing education programs focused on the diagnosis of dental issues, antibiotic prescription protocols, and emerging treatment techniques can significantly enhance practitioners' ability to deliver comprehensive care to their patients.

A Prospective Observational Study On The Incidence And Risk Factors Of Post-Operative Delirium After Hip Fracture Surgery

2025-04-15T04:57:45+00:00

Introduction: Delirium is an acute and predominantly reversible condition that may arise from various factors, including underlying illness, pharmacological interventions, toxic exposure, and significant stress. It represents the most prevalent challenge encountered in intensive care units. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative delirium following hip fracture surgeries conducted within the intensive care setting.

Methods: The institutional ethics committee approved this prospective observational study. Upon admission, the attending physician provided patients or their family members with information regarding their participation in the survey, while the principal investigator secured consent from all individuals involved. A total of sixty-five patients aged 18 years and older were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at SRM Hospital and Research Institute. The study cohort included individuals presenting with trauma, surgical, and medical conditions. The principal investigator systematically collected relevant data by reviewing the patient's medical records. Each patient underwent daily evaluation for delirium by a trained physician utilizing the standardized diagnostic tool, the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). The data collection process was carried out with careful attention to detail and accuracy.

Results: In a study involving 65 patients, the incidence of delirium among individuals in the intensive care unit (ICU) was found to be 18.4%. The analysis indicated that the risk of developing delirium is significantly associated with both the duration of surgical procedures and the length of hospital stay, with a p-value of less than 0.005 confirming these findings through statistical evaluation.

Conclusion: In our investigation, we identified that the incidence of delirium following hip fracture surgeries is 18.4%. We found a direct correlation between the duration of the surgical procedure and the length of hospital stay with the occurrence of delirium. However, our analysis did not reveal any significant associations with variables such as age, gender, type of anesthesia, total white blood cell count, platelet count, renal function tests, acid-base imbalances, liver function tests, creatinine levels, electrolyte levels, including sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

Incidence of Thrombophlebitis Due to Venous Access: An Observational Study

2025-04-15T05:44:21+00:00

Background: Peripheral venous cannulation (PVC) is a critical procedure for delivering fluids, medications, and blood products to hospitalized patients. However, thrombophlebitis remains a common complication.

Aims: The aim of this study was to look at the effect of the cannula gauge, insertion site, and indwelling duration on thrombophlebitis incidence in order to enhance clinical practice and patient outcomes.

Settings and Design: This prospective observational study, conducted from May 2021 to September 2022, included 90 adult participants undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods and Material: Following single-attempt cannulation with 18-gauge (18G) or 20-gauge (20G) PVCs in the median cubital, cephalic, or metacarpal veins, patients were monitored at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-insertion with the use of the Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) score. Chi-square tests were used to examine the data (P < 0.05 was considered significant).

Results: Thrombophlebitis incidence was significantly influenced by the insertion site (χ² = 7.271, P = 0.026) and indwelling duration (χ² = 19.1498, P = 0.0039), but not by gauge (χ² = 0.4, P = 0.527). Cephalic veins had the lowest rate (33.3%), while metacarpal veins had the highest (70%). Incidence peaked at 24–36 h, with a mean duration of 3741.89 ± 1284.66 min (up to 6060 min). Age and gender showed no association.

Conclusion: Preferring cephalic or median cubital veins and monitoring indwelling duration can reduce thrombophlebitis, enhancing patient safety and care quality

Assessing the Role of Renewable Energy Policies in Achieving India's Sustainable Development Goals by 2047

2025-04-15T05:57:41+00:00

India's journey towards sustainable development is mostly depends on its renewable energy and renewable energy policies, which are central to achieving the India’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of India's renewable energy initiatives on the India’s progress towards SDGs goals. It also evaluates the effectiveness of current policies, and identifies existing challenges, and explores the potential for future opportunities of expansion in the renewable energy sector. The study emphasizes the need for policy refinement, technological innovation, and strategic interventions to overcome barriers and ensure that India not only meets but exceeds its sustainability targets by 2047—the centenary of its independence. This timeline is crucial as it represents a significant milestone in India's commitment to becoming a global leader in sustainable energy and development.

Evaluating Sip Awareness On Investment Choices Among Bengaluru It Professionals

2025-04-15T06:04:22+00:00

The mutual fund industry in India is growing rapidly and is one of the key sectors driving the nation's economic expansion. It holds immense potential for sustained growth in the future. Over the past decade, mutual funds, including instruments such as systematic investment plans (SIPs), equity funds, debt funds, and hybrid funds, have contributed significantly to the economy, benefiting both corporations and individuals. This study focuses on SIPs, which have become a popular investment choice for many, offering a balanced approach to generating returns while minimizing risks through regular investments. SIPs are attractive because they provide ease, affordability, and accessibility in saving and investing. They also offer advantages like professional management, diversification, liquidity, and transparency, all under strict government regulation. The research investigates various factors influencing SIP investment decisions, especially the awareness of SIPs among information technology (IT) employees. It also explores how demographic variables—such as age, income, and education—affect engagement in SIPs. The main aim is to assess how awareness of SIPs influences investment choices. Primary data from 112 IT employees in Bangalore was analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that while IT employees are aware of SIPs, their understanding of the specifics is limited. Awareness significantly impacts investment decisions, highlighting the need for better information dissemination about SIPs and their benefits

AI-Enhanced Real-Time Cranio-Traumatic Injury Prevention Using CNN-Based Helmet Adherence Monitoring and YOLOv3-Assisted Vehicular Identification for Prognostic Accuracy in Neurotrauma Mitigation

2025-04-15T06:12:33+00:00

Background: In 2023, over 50% of road fatalities in India were linked to motorcycle riders not wearing helmets. The inadequacy of current road safety systems in detecting such violations in real-time necessitates the development of more advanced, automated solutions.

Objectives: This study aims to develop a real-time system that accurately detects helmet usage and recognizes motorcycle license plates using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, thereby reducing road fatalities and improving traffic law enforcement.

Materials and Methods: The system integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for helmet detection and the YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once, version 3) model for motorcycle and license plate recognition. The input video is resized and pre-processed before being passed to the YOLOv3 model, which identifies and localizes motorcycles and license plates using bounding boxes and confidence scores. Non-maximum suppression is applied to refine the detections. For each motorcycle detected, a region of interest (ROI) is cropped and analysed by the CNN model to determine helmet usage, with classification output as "helmet" or "no helmet." The annotated video is stored for further evaluation.

Results: The system effectively detects and labels motorcycles and helmet compliance in real-time. Using video inputs with a resolution of 888 × 500 pixels, the model achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 54.64%. The integration of CNN and YOLOv3 enhanced detection accuracy and system responsiveness.

Conclusion: The proposed system demonstrates the potential of deep learning-based approaches to significantly improve road safety by enabling real-time helmet detection and license plate recognition. This integrated solution can aid authorities in enforcing helmet laws and reducing motorcycle-related fatalities.

Impact of Virtual Reality Training on Pain, Forward Head Posture and Functional Outcome in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy

2025-04-15T06:28:51+00:00

Background: Cervical radiculopathy (CR) encompasses a range of symptoms caused by the compression or irritation of nerve roots within the cervical spine. Forward Head Posture (FHP) is a common musculoskeletal condition. Virtual Reality (VR) Training presents an innovative and potentially effective method for delivering physical therapy interventions.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of VR training on pain, forward head posture and functional outcome in patients with cervical radiculopathy.

Methods: Forty patients of both genders diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy participated in this study. The participants' ages ranged from 35 to 50 years, with a body mass index (BMI) not exceeding 30 kg/m². Patients were randomly assigned to study and control groups. Both groups underwent a selected physical therapy program that included electrotherapy, manual therapy, and strengthening exercises. The study group additionally received VR training. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity; Kinovea software was used to measure Craniovertebral Angle (CVA); and Neck Disability Index (NDI) was used to evaluate functional outcome. Treatment was conducted three sessions per week over a duration of six weeks. Assessment of all variables was done before and after completion of treatment.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in pretreatment mean values of all measured variables (VAS, CVA and NDI). In within-group comparison, all outcome measures demonstrated significant improvement in both the study and control groups after treatment (p < 0.001). Between-groups comparison revealed statistically significant differences across all outcome variables post treatment, favoring the study group (P< 0.05).

Conclusion: Virtual Reality (VR) training serves as an effective intervention for alleviating pain, correcting forward head posture, and enhancing functional outcomes in individuals with cervical radiculopathy. The immersive and engaging characteristics may improve patient adherence and motivation, positioning it as a promising adjunct to specific physical therapy programs.

Biokinematic Determinants As An Indicator For The Selection Of Junior Clubs In Dhi Qar Province In Volleyball

2025-04-15T06:39:51+00:00

The study aimed to identify the most important biokinematic determinants and physical measurements for the selection of junior players in Dhi Qar volleyball clubs for the 2024-2025 sports season. And determine a model for the selection of players according to the biokinematic and physical determinants of young players in the clubs of Dhi Qar province in volleyball for the sports season 2024-2025 using the method of factor analysisThe researcher used the descriptive approach in a survey method and correlational relations, and represented the research community with players clubs in Dhi Qar volleyball province, numbering (98) players and representing clubs (victory - Al-Jabayesh - Al-Shatrah - Souk Al-Shuyoukh - Nasiriyah - confirmed - Marshes) The research sample has been chosen in a deliberate way after excluding (free player - prepared player) to be (72) players who can perform skills (wavy transmission of jumping - receiving the transmission from the bottom - overwhelming beating Qatar), and the researcher used means and tools And appropriate devices in achieving the objectives of the research and concluded the researcher a set of conclusions, the most important , the extraction of (five) factors through factor analysis of biokinematic variables of the skill of wavy transmission of jumping volleyball has neglected some factors for not meeting the conditions for accepting factors.

A Study On The Influence Of Investor Psychology On Stock Market Trends At Bajaj Finserv, Nagpur

2025-04-15T06:46:57+00:00

Investor psychology plays a pivotal role in shaping stock market trends, significantly impacting investment decisions and market dynamics. The study explores the psychological factors influencing investors at Bajaj Finserv, Nagpur, including risk tolerance, behavioural biases, and decision-making patterns. By leveraging primary data from structured surveys and interviews, the research delves into how emotional and influence market activities. Secondary data from financial reports and stock performance analyses further substantiate the findings, offering insights into the correlation between investor sentiment and market fluctuations. The research reveals that market trends are not solely driven by economic fundamentals but are heavily influenced by collective investor behaviour, amplified during periods of volatility. The study underscores the importance of incorporating behavioural insights into financial strategies, enabling organizations and individual investors to make informed, rational decisions. Practical recommendations are provided to mitigate the adverse effects of psychological biases on investment outcomes. This research offers a unique perspective on integrating psychological and financial analysis to enhance understanding of stock market trends, contributing valuable insights to the field of behavioural finance.

Impact of Lung Boost Exerciser on Inspiratory Muscle Strength post Abdominal Surgeries

2025-04-15T06:54:14+00:00

Background: Abdominal surgery often leads to the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Reduced maximum inspiratory volumes, an inability to overcome postoperative atelectasis, and a higher risk of developing a PPC result from weaker respiratory muscles' reduced capacity to produce enough effort to expand non-compliant lung tissue

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effect of lung boost exerciser on inspiratory muscle strength post upper abdominal surgeries

Materials and methods: sixty patients of post upper abdominal surgeries both sex patients, aged from 35-50 years old, were randomly allocated from KasrEliny Hospital, throughout the period between July and February 2024/2025, patients were randomized into two groups (Experimental group(A) and Control group(B)), the treatment lasted four weeks , the assessments were performed on the selected patients three times; pretreatment , two weeks post treatment then four weeks post treatment. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)was assessed using Respiratory pressure check, measuring inspiratory muscle strength.

Result: a significant increase was noted in the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) of group A compared to that of group B at post I (d = 1.03, p < 0.001) and post II (d = 1.95, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Adding lung boost exerciser to conventional chest physiotherapy has favorable outcomes for patients having upper abdominal surgeries

Effect of Shockwave Therapy on Low Back Pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea

2025-04-15T07:02:07+00:00

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore shockwave therapy's efficacy in managing low back pain (LBP) associated with primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Subjects: Sixty patients complaining of LBP during PD participated in this study. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, and all subjects presented with body mass indices not exceeding 29 kg/m2.

Design: A randomized controlled methodology was employed for this study. They were divided into two equal groups: Group A, which was treated with hot packs for three consecutive menstrual cycles. Group B which was treated with hot packs in addition to shockwave therapy for three consecutive menstrual cycles.

Assessment: LBP intensity was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and pressure algometer (PA) measurements for all participants in Groups A and B before intervention and following each of three consecutive menstrual cycles. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) was employed to assess pain-related functional limitations before and after the intervention protocol.

Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant within-group improvements in both groups, demonstrated by decreased VAS scores, increased PA values, and reduced ODI measurements following intervention. The between-group comparison demonstrated significant differences across all outcome measures, with Group B achieving superior therapeutic outcomes characterized by greater pain reduction, higher pain thresholds, and enhanced functional improvement.

Conclusion: Shockwave therapy is an effective adjunctive intervention for managing LBP in PD through reducing VAS scores, increasing PA measurements, and decreasing ODI values.

Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency, Local Anesthetic with Steroid Genicular Nerve Block and Intra-Articular Botulinum Toxin Injection in The Management of Osteoarthritis Knee Pain

2025-04-15T07:11:26+00:00

Knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is a common issue, affecting many elderly individuals. The knee joint receives sensory innervation from four genicular nerves (GN): the superior medial (SMGN), inferior medial (IMGN), superior lateral (SLGN), and inferior lateral (ILGN) genicular nerves. Various procedures target these nerves for pain relief, including corticosteroid and local anesthetic (LA) injections, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), and intra-articular botulinum neurotoxin (IABoNTA). Genicular nerve block (GNB) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have gained popularity, even in patients post-total knee replacement (TKR). These techniques alleviate pain by inhibiting nerve fibers supplying the knee joint. The use of ultrasonography (US) has expanded in nerve block procedures due to its superior visualization of neurovascular structures compared to fluoroscopy. PRF applies alternating current to generate heat through molecular friction, creating a thermal lesion that disrupts pain transmission. RF neurotomy of the genicular nerves is a minimally invasive and safe approach for chronic knee OA. Botulinum neurotoxin has been well studied for its muscle-paralyzing effects via proteolysis of membrane-associated proteins, preventing acetylcholine release. However, emerging research indicates that intra-articular BoNT-A injections can reduce pain and improve joint function through anti-nociceptive mechanisms, offering an alternative for knee OA management.

Giant Cell Tumor Of The Sacrum- Multimodality Management Of A Challenging Disease

2025-04-15T07:19:00+00:00

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the sacrum is a rare primary bone tumour located in a challenging anatomical region. Due to its proximity to nerve roots and complex anatomical positioning, there is no widely accepted standard treatment. This article presents a case of a teenage female with sacral GCT who underwent a multimodality treatment approach at our institute. The patient presented with progressive lower back pain and radiculopathy. Imaging revealed a large lytic mass extending into the sacral spinal canal and surrounding structures. After a confirmed histopathological diagnosis, multidisciplinary treatment plan was implemented, including pre-operative embolization followed by surgical excision with spinal stabilization. Pre-operative embolization significantly reduced vascularity and intra-operative blood loss, allowing for successful total excision and preservation of neurological function. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. This case highlights the importance of a multimodal strategy combining embolization and surgical excision in managing sacral GCT, particularly in complex anatomical regions where en bloc resection is challenging.

Cyst Happens: A Tour Through Hydatid Hideouts

2025-04-15T07:33:47+00:00

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Resveratrol Administration Reverses The Osteoporotic Bone In Independent-Manner Of Ahr-Esr1 Axis In Rats

2025-04-15T07:42:41+00:00

The objective of this work was to analyze the involvement of AhR in bone metabolism using a rat model of experimental osteoporosis and to analyze the mechanisms behind its activity. Rats were assigned randomly to the subsequent groups; Control, received no treatment; ovariectomized (OVX) rats; Sham; Sham+RES received resveratrol; OVX+RES and OVX+CH received AhR’s antagonist, CH223191 (CH); and finally OVX+CHR group received both AhR antagonist along with resveratrol. Resveratrol and AhR antagonist treatment started 7 days after surgery and continued to 45 days. The serum of osteocalcin (OC) and Ca⁺²was measured by ELISA and spectrophotometer, respectively. X-ray was used to estimate bone density of rats. In molecular levels, Ahr, Esr1 and Esr2 gene expression were quantified in the Control, OVX, OVX+RES, OVX+CH and OVX+CHR groups. Supplementation of RES and CH223191 significant increased (P<0.05) in serum Ca⁺²and bone density in treated groups compared OVX groups while serum OC decreased. The Ahr gene expression was significantly higher in OVX+RES than in OVX+CHR, OVX and Control groups. Esr1 gene was actively expressed than Esr2 gene in the bone metabolism in this study. In conclusion, the administration of phosphoric acid with/without combination with ovariectomy procedure had enhanced the mediation of osteoporosis while administration of resveratrol led to resumption of nearly normal bone metabolism via the overexpression of AhR signaling and reduction of osteocalcin production in estrogen-independent manner.

Histological And Histochemical Study Of Hypothalamus In Adults New Zealand RabbitsThe hypothalamus is a crucial part of the brain responsible for regulating key physiological functions related to homeostasis and behavior. Due to its significance, it has g

2025-04-15T07:49:38+00:00

The hypothalamus is a crucial part of the brain responsible for regulating key physiological functions related to homeostasis and behavior. Due to its significance, it has garnered interest from neuroscientists aiming to better understand how its subregions connect with other parts of the central nervous system. This study utilized ten adult New Zealand rabbits, from which hypothalamic tissue samples were collected. The specimens were treated and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), in addition to a specialized stain for further analysis.

The objective of this investigation was to provide a detailed histological analysis of the hypothalamus and its various nuclei in adult New Zealand rabbits. Tissue samples were prepared for microscopic examination using light microscopy. The findings revealed that the hypothalamus in these rabbits consists of five nuclei: the paraventricular (PVN), anterior (AN), dorsomedial (DN), ventromedial (VN), and posterior (PN) nuclei. The paraventricular nucleus is located bilaterally next to the third ventricle, consisting of neurons of diverse morphologies, organized in clusters and irregular formations interlaced with nerve fibers, neuroglial cells, and blood capillaries. The anterior nucleus, located near the optic chiasma, consisted of predominantly large neurons interwoven with nerve fibers. The dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei were centrally located within the hypothalamus and contained small, rounded to oval neurons. The posterior nucleus, found near the mammillary body, was primarily composed of large, fusiform neurons

Impact of Educational Program on Self-Care Among Elderly with Chronic Illnesses at Geriatric Homes

2025-04-15T07:58:26+00:00

Objectives: To determine the Impact of the Education Program on Self-Care by Older Adults with Chronic Diseases.

Background: programs aimed at promoting self-care have become a key strategy in empowering older adults to take control of their health. These programs are typically designed to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to manage their chronic diseases more effectively.

Methods: quasi- experimental design, pre-tests and post-tests, with participants of non-probability Purposive sample consists of (30) elderly’s, these subject one group (study). The study is carried out at geriatric homes in Baghdad City.

Results: The educational program significantly improved the elderly’s self-care practice behaviors. The overall scores for self-care practice behavior increased significantly from pretest (M = 58.53, SD = 5.758) to posttest I (M = 79.60, SD = 7.356) and posttest II (M = 78.83, SD = 6.983), with a highly significant effect observed by Greenhouse-Geisser correction (F= 139.343, p = .000, Partial Eta Squared = .828). This indicates a strong and significant impact of the education program on enhancing elderly’s self-care practices behaviors.

Conclusions: the effectiveness of education programs on self-care for older adults in geriatric homes is crucial for improving the health and well-being of this vulnerable population

The Impact of Nasturtium officinale-MgO Nanopartical on the Immunity of Hypomagnesemic rats

2025-04-15T08:41:04+00:00

This study explores the green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) via Nasturtium officinale (watercress) extract and assesses their physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects against furosemide-induced hypomagnesemia in rats. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to confirm the biosynthetic process. In this experiment, 40 adult female rats were divided into five groups: control, furosemide-treated (T1), MgONPs-treated (T2), watercress extract-treated (T3), and magnesium sulfate-treated (T4). The antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and serum magnesium levels were examined. MgONPs increased granulocyte proliferation, boosted antioxidant enzyme activity, and successfully restored serum magnesium levels.Validated MgONPs' protective function in maintaining immune function. These findings imply that watercress extract and biosynthesized MgONPs have great promise for treating hypomagnesemia and related immunological dysfunctions.

Histomorphological And Histochemical Study Of Pituitary Gland In Adults Male New Zealand Rabbits

2025-04-15T08:49:28+00:00

The present study aimed to examine the morphology, histology, and histochemistry of the pituitary gland in adult male rabbits. Ten adult male rabbits were used, and samples from their pituitary glands were collected. The tissue specimens were processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), with an additional special stain (Orange G) applied. Morphological observations were made regarding the shape and location of the pituitary gland. Histologically, the pituitary gland was encased in a thin capsule derived from the dura mater, tightly surrounding the gland. The results revealed that the pituitary gland(hypophysis) was primarily composed of the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, with the adenohypophysis being the main component. The adenohypophysis included the pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis. The pars distalis was located laterally, while the pars nervosa was situated at the center of the gland. Additionally, the pars distalis contained three main cell types: acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes. The H&E staining results highlighted that acidophils were the most prominent cells. The cellular structure of the pars distalis consisted of irregularly arranged clusters and cords of chromophilic and chromophobic cells, mainly concentrated at the periphery of the pars distalis

Investigation the effect of isotretinoin on ovary tissues and reproduction in female rats

2025-04-15T08:57:57+00:00

Background: Oral isotretinoin, a potent synthetic retinoid, derived from vitamin A, uniquely eradicates acne vulgaris. Its multifaceted action on skin health is attributed to nuclear and non-nuclear receptor transactivation. However, isotretinoin's teratogenicity and associated serious adverse effects necessitate careful consideration, particularly regarding its use during pregnancy, where a notable incidence of congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortion has been documented. Isotretinoin is regarded as a highly teratogenic agent. may adversely affect ovarian reserve and female fertility, evidenced by decreased anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels. .

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the detrimental effects of toxic isotretinoin doses on reproductive efficacy by investigating its influence on reproductive organs tissue and reproduction.

Materials and methods: forty rats were used in this study, The current study consists of two parts each part used 20 rats which lasted for month. each group contain 5 rats. The first part: Consists of four groups, The first group was the control group, while the second group was given the drug 15 mg/kg isotretinoin and the third group was given 30 mg/kg isotretinoin. The fourth group was given 30 mg/kg isotretinoin and omega-3 for 30 days. the blood samples of all rats were obtained by cardiac puncture under the anesthesia for Assessment of histopathological ovaries for Rat. Then, the rats were sacrificed, and bilateral ovariectomy was performed ovarian tissues were fixed in a 10% formalin solution for histological evaluation. It was noticed after a histological exam in groups 3, and 4 that the ovarian atrophied mucosal with degeneration of epithelial cells cortex contained atrophied ovarian follicles with degenerated Oocytes, the medulla of the ovary contained congested blood vessels hemorrhage in the interstitial connective tissue of the medulla also hemolysis blood of blood capillaries While the second part, the second part was to evaluate the effect of the drug on reproductive efficiency. Four groups were divided, each group containing five rats, and were given the same dose for a month. After treatment, a male was introduced to each group and left to mate with the females. The result was pregnancy and births only in the control group, while no pregnancy occurred in the other group, The administration of isotretinoin, particularly in elevated doses, poses substantial risks to female reproductive efficacy, notably affecting ovarian reserve, a key fertility determinant.

Development And Evaluation Of Apremilast-Loaded Nanosponges For Enhanced Wound Healing: A Novel Topical Drug Delivery System

2025-04-15T09:12:06+00:00

Topical drug delivery technologies are useful for targeted treatment, and nanosponges, with porous designs that can improve drug stability, bioavailability, and controlled release, are becoming increasingly feasible possibilities. The main goal of this research is to create and assess topical nanosponges that contain apremilast to improve wound healing. The PDE4 inhibitor apremilast, which is used to treat inflammatory illness, was introduced to nano-sponges using the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. To minimize particle size, enhance drug release, and optimize encapsulation efficiency, the formulation was optimized using a two-factor, three level experimental approach. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the nano-sponges. Based on its high degree of crystallinity, structural integrity, and melting point (154- 157°C), Apremilast’s physicochemical stability was confirmed by the results. SEM showed uniform, spherical nanosponges with a porous surface that are ideal for controlled release. A 24-hour controlled drug release of 95.85%, an entrapment efficiency of 82.75%, and a particle size of 213.85 nm were all demonstrated by the improved formulation. The intriguing results of this study addressing Apremilast- loaded nano-sponges as a new wound healing therapy warrant additional clinical investigation. These nano-sponges provide longer therapeutic effect, better medication stability, and more patient compliance.

Histopathological Effect Of Artesunate In Chicks Liver Subjected To Exposure To Artesunate At Embryonic Stage.

2025-04-15T10:45:57+00:00

Introduction: Artesunate is obtained from the Artemisia plant, scientifically referred to as Qinghaosu, and is indigenous to China. Artemisinin derivatives are a specific group of drugs that have the highest effectiveness in treating Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria compared to all other antimalarial drugs available. Malaria imposes a substantial socio-economic burden on the population of India, experiences approximately two million cases of malaria each year, leading to a substantial number of deaths. The chick embryo is commonly used as an animal model to investigate the harmful effects of various drugs in research. The objective of this study is to assess the histopathological effects of artesunate on the liver of developing chick embryos.

Material & Methods: A total of 165 eggs of Gallus domesticus were used for this study. On the 5th day, eggs were injected with artesunate and normal saline as per dose titration, divided into four experimental groups and control groups. Further incubation and manual hatching were done on 18th day. Liver was isolated from the embryo for histological slide preparation; further analysis of each slide was done under a binocular microscope to determine the histopathological changes and abnormalities.

Results: Based on histopathological analysis, we observed the abnormalities of fat deposition and fatty changes, sinusoids with mild to severe lymphocyte infiltration, sinusoidal dilation, sinusoidal congestion, extensive inflammatory changes, and liver degeneration.

Conclusion: The recommended dose of artesunate has a mild hepatotoxic effect but teratogenic risk increases with an increase in drug dose in the liver.

Influences Of Digital Marketing On Consumer Perception Towards Buying Handloom Sarees.

2025-04-15T10:54:43+00:00

The study measure the influences created by digital marketing on consumer perception towards buying of Handloom Sarees. There are many distinct types of surveys and fact-finding enquiries that are included in empirical research. Research techniques of various types, including comparative and correlated approaches, are used in empirical research. Through the use of interview schedules, the primary data was gathered from customers who are involved in purchasing handloom sarees that are being marketed through digital mode. The constructs have been put through preliminary testing based on the information that was gathered from the customers. The study has carried out the sample selection based on snowball sampling technique which helps to identify the consumers who are making digital modes to purchase handloom sarees. The sample size of the study was fixed to be 276 based on the pilot study results calculated using the mean and standard deviation of opinions given by consumers involved. The study has used path model for examining the impacts of diverse influences of digital marketing on consumer perception towards buying handloom sarees in the study area of Chennai. The consumers’ perception is highly influenced in the areas of User Friendly Purchasing Process, Higher Level of Consumer Recall for Handloom Sarees and Efficacy in Comparing Prices and Economical Prices which is evaluated from the opinions given by digital consumers.

A Smart Crop-Based Irrigation System With Automated Pump Control.

2025-04-15T10:59:48+00:00

Water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices are among the most pressing challenges in modern agriculture. Traditional irrigation systems, which rely on manual scheduling and fixed watering cycles, often result in water wastage, suboptimal crop hydration, and unnecessary energy consumption. In response to these challenges, smart irrigation technologies leveraging Internet of Things (IoT), real-time soil moisture monitoring, and weather-based automation have emerged as effective solutions for precision agriculture. This study presents a comprehensive review of automated irrigation systems with a focus on intelligent pump control, data-driven decision-making, and sensor-based water management.

The proposed smart irrigation framework integrates soil moisture sensors, weather prediction models, and automated pump control mechanisms to optimize water distribution based on real-time environmental conditions. By incorporating wireless communication technologies (WiFi, GSM, and LoRa), cloud-based data processing, and AI-driven analytics, these systems ensure efficient irrigation scheduling, reducing water waste and improving crop yields. The automation of irrigation using microcontroller-based systems, such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi, enhances precision by dynamically adjusting water supply based on real-time soil and atmospheric parameters.

This paper systematically categorizes modern smart irrigation techniques, analyzing their benefits, limitations, and implementation challenges. Various sensor technologies, including soil moisture probes, temperature sensors, and humidity detectors, are reviewed in terms of accuracy, response time, and scalability. Additionally, weather-based irrigation models, which use meteorological data to forecast water requirements, are explored for their potential in enhancing irrigation efficiency. The integration of cloud computing for data storage and remote access further improves decision-making capabilities, enabling farmers to monitor and control irrigation systems from anywhere.

While smart irrigation offers significant advantages, several technical and practical challenges remain. Sensor calibration issues, data transmission delays, hardware costs, and system scalability pose barriers to widespread adoption. Furthermore, reliability under extreme weather conditions and energy efficiency, particularly in off-grid farming regions, are key considerations for future development. The incorporation of renewable energy sources, such as solar-powered irrigation pumps, can enhance system sustainability. Additionally, the use of blockchain technology for data security and AI-driven predictive analytics can further improve irrigation automation.

This study identifies emerging trends and future research opportunities in automated precision irrigation, emphasizing the role of machine learning, big data analytics, and IoT-based smart farming in transforming agricultural water management. By integrating advanced sensor networks, intelligent automation, and cloud-based remote monitoring, smart irrigation systems have the potential to revolutionize sustainable agriculture and ensure efficient resource utilization. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers interested in advancing next-generation irrigation technologies for enhanced agricultural productivity.

Assessing the Contribution of Family Physicians in Preoperative Risk Assessment and Postoperative Management of Surgical Patients

2025-04-15T17:59:49+00:00

Background: Family physicians play a crucial role in the surgical care continuum, particularly in preoperative risk assessment and postoperative management. Their comprehensive understanding of patients' medical histories and overall health status positions them uniquely to contribute to optimizing surgical outcomes. Despite their critical involvement, the impact of family physicians' contributions in these areas remains underexplored.

Methodology: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of family physicians concerning preoperative risk assessment and postoperative management through a cross-sectional survey. A structured questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of 150 family physicians across multiple primary healthcare centers. The survey evaluated physicians' awareness of preoperative risk factors, adherence to assessment guidelines, and postoperative management practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The study revealed that 84.7% of physicians recognized diabetes mellitus as a preoperative risk factor, with 80% routinely using risk stratification tools. However, only 60% consistently adhered to established preoperative guidelines. In postoperative care, 90% of physicians followed up within the recommended timeframe, and 85% demonstrated good knowledge of postoperative care guidelines. Significant associations were found between years of experience and knowledge of preoperative risk factors, with more experienced physicians showing higher adherence to best practices.

Conclusion: While family physicians generally exhibit strong knowledge in preoperative risk assessment and postoperative management, there are notable gaps in the consistent application of guidelines and the balance between standardized protocols and individualized care. Addressing these gaps through targeted training, updates on clinical guidelines, and research into management strategies could enhance the quality of surgical care and improve patient outcomes.

Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Potential of Silymarin: A Detailed Assessment of Biochemical, Histopathological, and Molecular Mechanisms in Mice Exposed to Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage.

2025-04-16T04:33:24+00:00

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a major cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI), primarily through the formation of the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which induces oxidative stress and hepatocyte necrosis. Despite the availability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antidote, limitations such as a narrow therapeutic window necessitate exploration of alternative hepatoprotective agents. Silymarin, a flavonolignan complex from Silybum marianum, is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties.

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of silymarin against APAP-induced liver injury in mice by analyzing biochemical, histopathological, and molecular parameters. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control, APAP-treated, Silymarin-treated, and Silymarin + APAP co-treated. Silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days, and APAP (500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was given on day 7. Serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin), oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, catalase), histopathology, and gene/protein expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB), apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3), and antioxidant (Nrf2, HO-1) markers were evaluated.

Results: APAP significantly elevated liver enzyme levels and oxidative stress markers, disrupted hepatic architecture, and upregulated inflammatory and apoptotic genes while downregulating antioxidant genes (p < 0.01). Co-treatment with silymarin markedly reversed these effects: liver enzyme levels and MDA were reduced, antioxidant markers were restored, and liver histology showed preserved architecture with mild damage. Molecular analysis showed downregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, Bax, and Caspase-3, and upregulation of Bcl-2, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the silymarin + APAP group (p < 0.01 vs. APAP alone).

Conclusion: Silymarin confers significant protection against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. These findings support silymarin’s potential as a therapeutic agent for managing drug-induced liver injury.

Evaluation of Anxiolytic Activity and Chemical Characterization of Herbal Extract in Albino Rats.

2025-04-16T04:40:53+00:00

The brain's ability to adapt, operate cognitively, and maintain health depends on neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. A process known as neurogenesis involves the creation of new neurons. This process is most common in areas of the brain like the hippocampus that are involved in learning, memory, and emotional regulation. Neurogenesis is essential for preserving cognitive capacities and emotional stability into adulthood, contrary to previous beliefs that it only occurs during early childhood. Contrarily, synaptic plasticity allows brain connections to change in reaction to novel information and past experiences. Depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's have all been associated to disruptions in these systems. The promotion of brain function and resilience requires an understanding of the factors that impact neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, such as aging, stress, exercise, and disease. How these pathways aid in mental health, emotional stability, and memory development is the subject of this research. It also delves into their possible use as treatment targets for issues related to neurological and mental health. Improving quality of life and long-term cognitive health may be possible as a result of novel treatments that improve brain function, assist in recovery from neurological impairment, and boost overall mental well-being. This could be made possible as our understanding of this field expands.

A Study To Understand The Significance Of Platelet Indices In Type2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In A Tertiary Care Hospital.

2025-04-16T04:43:49+00:00

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide. This condition is associated with vascular complications due to endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity. Platelet indices, such as Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), and Plateletcrit (PCT), have been recognized as potential biomarkers for platelet activity and predictors of vascular risk in T2DM.

Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted over three months (2024–2025) at the Department of Pathology, ACS Medical College and Hospital. A total of 124 participants were recruited, including 62 T2DM patients and 62 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic controls. Venous blood samples were analyzed for platelet indices and glycemic markers using automated analyzers. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests and Pearson correlation, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.

Results: T2DM patients exhibited significantly higher MPV (10.8 ± 0.9 fL vs. 9.1 ± 0.8 fL, p < 0.001), PDW (13.9 ± 1.7 fL vs. 12.5 ± 1.4 fL, p < 0.01), and PCT (0.28 ± 0.05% vs. 0.22 ± 0.03%, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Glycemic markers (FBS and HbA1c) were also elevated in T2DM patients. Strong positive correlations were observed between HbA1c and MPV (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) as well as PDW (r = 0.55, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Elevated platelet indices in T2DM patients reflect hyperactive platelet function and a prothrombotic state. These indices are strongly associated with poor glycemic control and may serve as cost-effective, accessible biomarkers for identifying patients at risk of vascular complications. Further studies are warranted to validate their clinical utility in diverse populations.

Decoding the Oxidative Stress-Hormone Connection: Unveiling the Hidden Culprits of Bad Obstetric History.

2025-04-16T04:47:48+00:00

Bad obstetric history (BOH) include recurrent pregnancy loss, stillbirth, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It seems that oxidative stress impairs normal function of the placenta and materno-fetal interface which leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hormonal imbalance is highly relevant to the cause of reproductive health, though disturbances in key hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) can be very critical factors in BOH. This study investigated the impact of oxidative stress along with these hormones in the etiology of BOH and their implications in clinical management.

This was a case-control study carried out with hundred samples during the period of June 2023–August 2024 in Kerala. Clinically proven fifty women with bad obstetric history aged between 20–45 years were selected as test samples. Fifty women with a history of successful pregnancies were selected as control. Oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), FSH, LH, and PRL were evaluated by the ELISA method. Data management and analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel, and Jamovi 2.5.3.

When BOH patients were compared to controls, their levels of MDA, FSH, LH, and PRL were significantly higher (p < 0.05). This study concludes that the combined impact of oxidative stress and elevated hormone levels (FSH, LH, and PRL) has a significant role in the development of BOH. Monitoring these biomarkers can be used to identify women at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and be helpful for effective diagnosis and treatment.

A Study on the Impact of 360-Degree Feedback on Leadership Skills Development at TCS, Nagpur.

2025-04-16T04:53:11+00:00

The study explores the influence of 360-degree feedback on the enhancement of leadership skills at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) in Nagpur. By integrating input from supervisors, peers, subordinates, and self-assessments, 360-degree feedback offers a comprehensive evaluation of an individual’s leadership capabilities. The research aims to analyse how this multifaceted feedback mechanism contributes to the development of leadership qualities such as decision-making, communication, team management, and emotional intelligence. The paper highlights the correlation between leadership growth and feedback from diverse perspectives within the organization. Additionally, the study delves into the challenges associated with implementing such feedback systems and how they impact leadership behaviour. By examining the effectiveness of this feedback approach in fostering leadership skills, the research provides insights into its applicability within corporate settings, especially in a global IT firm like TCS. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies was utilized, including interviews with employees, surveys, and performance assessments. The results indicate that 360-degree feedback serves as a powerful tool for leadership development, promoting self-awareness, accountability, and continuous improvement among leaders. The paper concludes by offering recommendations on optimizing the 360-degree feedback process for maximizing leadership outcomes.

Ritu Haritaki (Seasonal Regimen with Indian Rhubarb) – A Boon to Seasonal Health.

2025-04-16T04:58:27+00:00

Haritaki, scientifically known as Terminalia chebula, is a prominent herb used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Haritaki is a deciduous tree native to South Asia, with the fruit being the most utilized part in medicinal preparations. It is characterised by its astringent taste and is believed to balance the doshas in body. It possesses five rasas except lavana with Kashaya rasa predominant. Haritaki is renowned for its therapeutic properties including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. It is Rasayana (rejuvenator) and best among pathya (wholesome to body). Its Rasayana effect will be achieved by consuming it with different anupanas (vehicle) in different ritus (seasons) known as Ritu haritaki. Haritaki is considered as mother. Like mother takes care of whole family, similarly Haritaki will takes care of body. Intake of haritaki in every ritu along with different anupana is known as Ritu haritaki which promotes digestive health, enhances immunity and acts as detoxifier. In this article a systematic review has been done to gather information from available literature of Ayurveda and contemporary science regarding haritaki and its consumption in every season with different anupana with possible scientific substantiation.

Prediction Model for Detection of Heart Disease Stages Using Machine Learning Approaches.

2025-04-16T05:05:41+00:00

Health sector reports reveal that heart patients are exponentially growing concerning time. Although there are several types of medication and treatment mechanisms available in the health sector. However, researcher’s efforts are trying to explore the applications of machine learning as an emerging area of research. The healthcare sector has accumulated enormous amounts of data that may contain some hidden insights or useful health indicators, which may later be useful for effective decision-making in treatment and medication processes. In this research, an effective heart disease prediction system model is developed using machine learning approaches. The designed system model for the smart prediction about the risk stage (risk level) of heart disease can be a new and alternative instrument in the medical sector for heart disease diagnosis. This research used 14 attributes like Sex, Age, Chest Pain, Family History, Past History, Cholesterol, Fasting Blood Sugar, Resting ECG, Slope ST, Heart Rate, Pulse Rate, Blood Pressure, CBC, and Diagnosis. The proposed model predicts the likelihood or the appropriate stage of the risk of heart patients. This mechanism can help doctors to minimize the later-stage risks and consequences. These hidden factors or patterns are required to be discovered and analyzed to reveal the hidden insights or patterns from the unused and unexplored data especially in Ethiopia hospitals. Initially, it was aimed to categorize the status of heart disease in terms of major or minor stages of risks. We used the KDD process model to find out and interpret the discovered patterns from data repositories. Decision trees (J48 and Random Forest), Bayes (Naïve Bayes), and ANN (Multilayer perceptron) algorithms were used for the classification of data mining tasks. After experimentation, the overall accuracy of the tested classifiers was achieved 90% + in approximation. It was revealed that the ANN (multilayer perceptron) classifier relatively produces higher classification accuracy (97.0%) than the other selected four classifiers. The classification was based on the obtained attributes and revealed that prediction rates are not uniform among all the classifiers and the selected attributes. Finally, the study concluded that machine learning can be used as a new technique to discover the hidden patterns or insights in the heart patient’s massive amount of data to determine the risk stage and this can help in minimizing the risks at an early stage.

Customer Perception Towards Non – Monetary Promotions Of Store Brands

2025-04-16T07:49:05+00:00

Promotional activity encourages customers to reconsider and analyze brand and quantity in ways they may not have considered before. As a result, sales promotion has become an important tool for merchants and retailers who use various promotional methods and techniques to understand the preferences of their consumers and increase the sales of their business. The main aim of this study is to find the non-monetary promotions offered by the store brands and to analyse the influence of non-monetary promotions on customer engagement. However, consumer behavior can be influenced by factors like deal-proneness, where frequent promotions might lower reference prices and negatively impact brand quality perceptions. Finally, it concludes that that personalized offers and in store experiences of Non-Monetary promotions enhances the customer satisfaction in store brands.

Efficacy Of Locally Delivered 1%(W/V) Natural Chitosan Gel In Nonsurgical.Treatment Of Chronic Periodontitis: A Split Mouth Study

2025-04-16T07:54:42+00:00

Introduction: Periodontal pocket elimination is one of the most important goals in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Scaling, root planing and soft tissue curettage sometimes demonstrates limited success. Systemic antibiotics have been used in different forms of periodontal disease treatment. However, there may be problems associated with the use of systemic antibiotics such as the development of resistant bacteria, and potential side effects. These limitations can be avoided by application of the antimicrobials in local delivery systems directly into the periodontal pocket. Chitosan as a LDD agent has been investigated in the elimination of periodontal pocket.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of Chitosan gel as an adjunct to SRP in nonsurgical management of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods:A randomised controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chitosan gel in the treatment of PPD in Chronic periodontitis patient. A total of 20 subjects in the age group of 25-50 with chronic periodontitis are categorized into 2 treatment groups: Test group (SRP+ 1% Chitosan gel) and Control group (SRP) in a split mouth study. Various parameters such as PPD, BOP and GI were evaluated after 6 weeks.

Results: Statistical significance is seen in the intra-group comparisons. No statistical difference was observed when intergroup comparison was done in PI and GI but there is significant difference in BOP and PPD.

Conclusion: Chitosan's biocompatibility and inherent antibacterial properties may contribute to enhanced periodontal healing and tissue regeneration.

Association of MYBPC3 Gene Polymorphism with Cardiomyopathy Susceptibility in the Jammu Region

2025-04-16T08:34:44+00:00

Cardiomyopathy is a multifactorial disorder caused by hereditary and environmental factors. The MYBPC3 gene produces cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C), which is found in heart (cardiac) muscle cells. This is linked to thick filaments and plays a structural and regulatory role in the contraction of cardiomyocytes. The MYBPC3Δ25bp deletion has been linked to an increased vulnerability to cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the MYBC3 gene polymorphism and the risk of cardiomyopathy in a case-control study from the Jammu region of J&K, UT.

Method: A total of 200 subjects were enrolled for the present study, out of which 100 were clinically diagnosed cases of cardiomyopathy and 100 were healthy age matched controls. Genotyping of cases and controls for MYBPC3 polymorphism was done by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A statistical analysis was done to ascertain the association of the above said polymorphism with the risk of cardiomyopathy in the population of Jammu region of J&K, UT.

Results: The present study revealed the significant association of MYBPC3Δ25bp (rs36212066) gene polymorphism with an increased risk of cardiomyopathy (p=0.03) in our population. The frequency of deletion allele (risk) was found to be higher in cases (10%) than in controls (2%). Further the study indicated that the MYBPC3 Δ25bp allele adds risk for the development of cardiomyopathy in our cases compared to controls [OR (95%CI)- 5.44 (1.16 to 25.52)].

Conclusion: The study found the significant association of MYBPC3 Δ25bp polymorphism with Cardiomyopathy in population of Jammu region.

Case Report Continuous Errector Spina Plane Blockspinaeas An Alternative To Epidural Analgesia During Thoracotomy Surgery

2025-04-16T08:43:52+00:00

Thoracotomy is a major surgical procedure that often causes severe postoperative pain, thus requiring optimal analgesic management. Erector Spinae Plane(ESP) Block has emerged as a promising alternative to epidural analgesia, with a lower risk of complications and good efficacy. This report presents a case of a 43-year-old male patient diagnosed with a mediastinal abscess with a possible lung tumor and chronic empyema on the chest tube for four months. The patient underwent right pulmonary decortication thoracotomy under Continuous ESP Block anesthesia. This procedure was performed under ultrasound guidance using a pediatric epidural catheter at the T4 level. Ropivacaine 0.5% was given as a loading dose of 20 ml, followed by maintenance ropivacaine 0.2% at a 7 ml/hour rate throughout the operation. This technique involves injecting a local anesthetic into the tissue layer near the erector spinae muscles to block sensory nerves that carry pain signals from the surgical area. The results showed effective analgesia with adequate pain control during and after surgery, without complications such as infection, hematoma, or nerve damage. The use of ESP Block also reduced dependence on systemic opioids and improved the patient's oxygen saturation. Thus, ESP Block provides a better safety profile with a shallower technique compared to epidural analgesia. In this case, Continuous ESP Block proved to be a valuable alternative for post-thoracotomy pain management, making it a reliable option for patients with contraindications or high risk to epidural techniques

Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: Clinical and Biochemical Correlation

2025-04-16T08:56:49+00:00

Background: Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children are a significant health concern, especially in developing countries. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between Vitamin D deficiency and increased susceptibility to infections due to its role in modulating immune responses.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in children presenting with RRIs.
To assess the clinical profile of these children.
To analyze the biochemical correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and the frequency/severity of respiratory infections.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year (February 2024 to January 2025) at the Pediatric Department of a tertiary care hospital in Central India. Children aged 6 months to 12 years presenting with RRIs (≥3 episodes in 6 months or ≥4 episodes in a year) were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data including serum 25(OH) Vitamin D levels were collected. A control group of age- and sex-matched children without a history of RRIs was also included for comparison. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL.

Results: A total of 210 children were enrolled, including 140 in the RRI group and 70 in the control group. Among the RRI group, 88 children (62.9%) were found to have Vitamin D deficiency, compared to 22 children (31.4%) in the control group (p < 0.001). Clinically, Vitamin D deficient children presented with more frequent episodes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), prolonged duration of cough and fever, and increased need for antibiotic therapy. A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between serum Vitamin D levels and the number of respiratory episodes per year (r = -0.45, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children with recurrent respiratory infections and shows a significant negative correlation with infection frequency. Routine screening and correction of Vitamin D levels may be considered as part of the management and prevention strategy for RRIs in pediatric populations, especially in regions with high burden like Central India.

Prospective Evaluation of Tumor Margin Status in Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Pathological and Surgical Perspective

2025-04-16T09:06:34+00:00

Aim: This study aims to evaluate tumor margin status in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and assess its impact on the need for re-excision, axillary staging, and adjuvant therapy. Additionally, it explores molecular profiling to guide personalized treatment strategies.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 120 female patients diagnosed with early-stage invasive breast carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Wide local excision (WLE) was performed with intraoperative margin assessment. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were conducted as per nodal involvement. Histopathological analysis determined margin status, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess hormone receptor expression, HER2 status, and Ki-67 index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25.0.

Results: A majority of patients had negative margins, while a subset required re-excision due to close or positive margins. SLNB was performed in most cases, with a significant proportion showing nodal involvement. Molecular profiling identified a predominance of hormone receptor-positive tumors, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-positive subtypes influencing adjuvant therapy decisions. Postoperative management included radiation, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy as per molecular and pathological findings.

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of achieving clear margins in BCS to reduce re-excision rates and improve oncological outcomes. Lymph node status remains a critical prognostic factor, and molecular profiling plays a vital role in guiding systemic therapy. A multidisciplinary, personalized treatment approach integrating surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies is essential for optimizing long-term patient outcomes.

Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare And Metoclopramide On The Carbohydrate And Protein Levels Of The Mammary Glands In Lactating White Mice

2025-04-16T09:16:04+00:00

Background: Galactagogues are chemical treatments, foods, or herbal supplements known to stimulate, support, and enhance breast milk production. Women can use these galactagogues to stimulate, increase, or maintain milk production.

Aim of the study: This study aimed to investigate the effect of both Foeniculum vulgare and metoclopramide on the development of mammary glands of lactating mice by using 2 type of staining Schiff's reagent (PAS) stain and Mercuric bromophenol blue (MBB).

Material and method: The research ran from October 27, 2024, until January 27, 2025, at Tikrit University's College of Science and the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine. Eighty female mice were used in the experiment for 20 days and divided into four groups, each group contain 20 rats as follows: T1 (control group): lactating females were given normal food and water. T2: lactating females were given 10% Foeniculum vulgare. T3: lactating females were given 2 mg of metoclopramide. T4: lactating females were given 10% Foeniculum vulgare and 2 mg of metoclopramide .

Result: The Foeniculum vulgare used in the study contain the compounds Anethole, Fenchone, Estragole, Limonene, α-Pinene and Linalool at concentrations of 39.27, 9.30, 8.60, 5.43, 4.34 and 4.68 mg L-1, respectively. By using two type of staining, the histopatological section showed the group dosed with Foeniculum vulgare and metoclopramide, the reaction was positive, and high purple staining was observed, indicating the severity of the reaction, in addition, the purity of the stain was clearly evident in some sections of the alveoli, especially the large ones.

Conclusion: Foeniculum vulgare and metoclopramide have Synergic effect on mammary gland which increase alveolar secretions than control

In Vitro Assessment of Titanium Particle Release During Simulated Surgical Insertion of Dental Implants

2025-04-16T09:23:14+00:00

Background: Titanium dental implants are widely used due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. However, the process of insertion can lead to the exfoliation of titanium particles, which may influence osseointegration and contribute to peri-implantitis. This study aims to evaluate the extent of titanium exfoliation during simulated surgical insertion of dental implants in an artificial bone model.

Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a total of 30 titanium dental implants (n = 10 per group) were inserted into standardized artificial bone blocks using a simulated surgical insertion protocol. Three different insertion torques were applied: Low Torque (25 Ncm), Medium Torque (35 Ncm), and High Torque (45 Ncm). Particulate debris was collected during the insertion process using filter membranes and analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to quantify and characterize the titanium particles released. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results: The results indicated a significant increase in titanium particle exfoliation with increasing insertion torque. The mean particle count observed was 120 ± 10 particles for Low Torque, 210 ± 15 particles for Medium Torque, and 350 ± 20 particles for High Torque (p < 0.05). The SEM and EDS analyses confirmed that the particles primarily consisted of titanium, with sizes ranging from 0.1 µm to 2.5 µm.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that titanium exfoliation occurs during simulated surgical insertion of dental implants, with higher insertion torques leading to greater particle release. The findings highlight the need for further investigation into the biological implications of titanium particle exfoliation and the development of techniques to minimize this phenomenon

Alternative Forms of Care with a Special Focus on NGO BOSCO’s Model of Foster Care

2025-04-16T09:32:10+00:00

This article explores the landscape of alternative care for children in India, with a special focus on foster care as implemented by the NGO BOSCO. Grounded in the rights-based framework of child protection, the paper begins by categorizing various forms of care types – institutional, kinship, adoption and foster care. It highlights the global and national shift toward family-based alternatives, making institutional care a last resort. Drawing on both international frameworks and evolving Indian legal and policy mechanisms, such as the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, CARA guidelines, and the Mission Vatsalya scheme, the article examines how alternative care is being integrated into national child protection systems. Special attention is given to the cultural nuances of kinship care and the emerging relevance of foster care in India. The article then presents BOSCO’s grassroots model of foster care, showcasing the organization's structured processes in identifying suitable children and foster families, conducting rigorous assessments and training, ensuring smooth transitions, and ongoing monitoring. Through BOSCO’s experience, the article reflects on operational challenges, systemic gaps, and the potential of foster care as a viable alternative to institutionalization in the Indian context. The study underscores the need for strengthened community-based care models, enhanced support systems, and robust monitoring mechanisms to realize the vision of family-based care for every child in need.

Comparative Clinical Evaluation Of Varma Therapy And Sagajarathi Kasayam With Manjal Kizhi Ottradam In The Management Of Kumbavatham: An Integrative Siddha Approach

2025-04-16T09:55:16+00:00

A clinical study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with Kumbavatham at the Postgraduate Department of Varma Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College & Hospital, Palayamkottai. Diagnosis was established based on traditional Siddha texts and corroborated by modern investigations. The patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I received daily Varma point stimulation for 48 days, whereas Group II was administered SagajarathiKasayam (90 ml twice daily) along with daily external application of ManjalKizhiOttradam for the same duration. Throughout the treatment period, all patients adhered to a strict Pathiyam diet.

Comprehensive evaluations, including radiological examinations, routine laboratory investigations, and biochemical analyses of SagajarathiKudineer, were performed. Additionally, pharmacological studies demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the treatment, and both acute and sub-acute toxicity studies confirmed its safety for long-term use.

The study outcomes indicated significant clinical improvement in all cases, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating Siddha therapeutic principles with modern diagnostic methods in the management of Kumbavatham.

Comparative Analysis of Vac Therapy Versus Medicated Dressings in Diabetic Foot Management

2025-04-16T10:04:40+00:00

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) precede up to 85 % of non‑traumatic lower‑limb amputations. Negative‑pressure wound therapy—popularly termed vacuum‑assisted closure (VAC)—has emerged as a promising adjunct, yet its superiority over modern medicated dressings remains debated

Methods: We undertook a parallel‑group, prospective, single‑centre randomised trial (January 2022 – December 2024) comparing VAC to medicated moist dressings (silver‑impregnated hydro‑fiber plus iodine gauze) in adults with Wagner grade 1‑3 DFUs. Primary outcome was complete ulcer closure at 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes included time‑to‑50 % area reduction, bacterial load change, health‑related quality of life (HR‑QoL), and amputation incidence. Intention‑to‑treat analysis with Kaplan‑Meier survival curves and Cox proportional‑hazards modelling was applied.

Results: Of 164 screened patients, 140 were randomised (VAC n = 70; Dressings n = 70). Baseline characteristics were comparable (mean age 58 ± 9 y; 67 % male; HbA1c 8.7 ± 1.1 %). Complete closure occurred in 57.1 % of VAC versus 34.3 % of dressing recipients (RR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.10‑2.50; p = 0.015). Median time‑to‑closure was 56 days (IQR 44‑79) with VAC and 88 days (IQR 66‑112) with dressings (log‑rank p = 0.002). VAC achieved greater mean log‑reduction in colony‑forming units (2.1 ± 0.5 vs 1.3 ± 0.6; p < 0.001) and higher HR‑QoL scores at 16 weeks (p = 0.03). Major amputation was lower but not statistically significant (5.7 % vs 10.0 %; p = 0.29).

Conclusion: VAC therapy significantly accelerates ulcer healing and bacterial clearance compared with advanced medicated dressings, with favourable—but non‑significant—trends in limb salvage. Cost‑effectiveness and long‑term recurrence require further evaluation

Feto-Maternal Outcomes in Antenatal Women with First-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Retrospective Observational Study

2025-04-16T10:24:28+00:00

Background: First-trimester vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric concern associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of first-trimester bleeding on pregnancy outcomes and identify significant predictors of miscarriage.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 100 pregnant women presenting with first-trimester vaginal bleeding. Data were collected on maternal characteristics, pregnancy-related factors, maternal outcomes, and fetal outcomes. Statistical analysis, including logistic regression, was performed to identify risk factors for miscarriage.

Results: The mean maternal age was 27.4 ± 4.2 years, with 45% of women being primigravida. The mean gestational age at the time of bleeding was 8.6 ± 2.1 weeks. Bleeding severity was classified as mild (55%), moderate (30%), or severe (15%). Associated abdominal pain was reported in 40% of cases, and 20% required hospital admission. Pregnancy continuation was observed in 70% of cases, while 25% resulted in miscarriage. Preterm labor occurred in 10% of cases, preeclampsia in 5%, and preterm rupture of membranes in 8%. Low birth weight (<2500g) was noted in 20% of neonates, while 10% required neonatal ICU admission. Logistic regression analysis identified severe bleeding (OR 6.5, p<0.001), associated pain (OR 4.2, p<0.001), early gestational age at bleeding (<8 weeks) (OR 3.1, p=0.004), maternal age >30 years (OR 2.2, p=0.03), and hospitalization (OR 3.8, p=0.002) as significant predictors of miscarriage.

Conclusion: First-trimester vaginal bleeding is associated with increased risks of miscarriage, preterm labor, and adverse fetal outcomes. Severe bleeding, associated pain, early gestational age at bleeding, and maternal age >30 years significantly increase miscarriage risk. Early evaluation, close monitoring, and appropriate management are essential to improve pregnancy outcomes. Future research should focus on developing standardized management protocols for first-trimester bleeding.

Pancreatic Tuberculosis: Diagnostic Challenges and Management Considerations

2025-04-16T10:30:54+00:00

Background

Individuals develop pancreatic tuberculosis extremely rarely among extrapulmonary tuberculosis manifestations because doctors find it hard to diagnose because of nonspecific clinical features. The disease presents symptoms that resemble pancreatic cancers which delays the correct medical treatment. The identification of accurate diagnosis is fundamental before starting anti-tuberculosis treatment to prevent delayed medical interventions.

Methods

We reviewed pancreatic tuberculosis cases treated at a tertiary care center from January 2015 to December 2022. Medical records received combination analysis together with imaging findings and laboratory data, histopathology findings and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to analyze symptom manifestations at presentation while assessing diagnostic assessment methods and therapeutic decision-making elements besides examining ATT treatment effects on patients.

Results

Among 42 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, abdominal pain and weight loss were the most prevalent presenting symptoms. Imaging studies often revealed pancreatic masses or pseudocystic changes in the head or body of the pancreas, frequently mimicking malignant lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biopsy was the most reliable diagnostic modality, offering histopathological evidence of caseating granulomas. All patients commenced on standard ATT demonstrated significant clinical improvement, with resolution of imaging abnormalities in the majority by six months of therapy. Only two patients required surgical exploration due to complications. No mortality was directly attributed to pancreatic TB.

Conclusion

Pancreatic TB requires a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with pancreatic masses, particularly in endemic areas or immunocompromised populations. EUS-guided biopsy and histopathological confirmation are key to avoiding misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Timely initiation of ATT can lead to excellent clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to optimize diagnosis and management protocols.

Fetomaternal Outcome in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Retrospective Study

2025-04-16T10:42:16+00:00

Background: Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) is a significant obstetric complication that occurs when the fetal membranes rupture before 37 weeks of gestation, often leading to preterm birth and associated neonatal morbidities. PPROM is linked to an increased risk of maternal infections, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, and other complications. Despite advancements in perinatal care, managing PPROM remains challenging due to its unpredictable nature and the risks associated with both expectant and active management strategies.

Methods: A retrospective, non-comparative observational study was conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute over a 24-month period (January 2022 – December 2024). A total of 82 pregnant women diagnosed with PPROM between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation were included. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including maternal demographics, mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, APGAR scores, NICU admissions, and maternal complications. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and t-tests, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean maternal age was 28 years (±4 years), and the mean gestational age at PPROM was 32 weeks (±2 weeks). 60% of deliveries were vaginal, while 40% required a C-section, primarily due to fetal distress (50%). 50% of neonates required NICU admission, with RDS (25%) and neonatal sepsis (10%) being the most common complications. Maternal complications were observed in 20% of cases, with chorioamnionitis (15%) being the most frequent.

Conclusion: PPROM significantly increases the risk of preterm birth, neonatal morbidity, and maternal infections. Early diagnosis, timely interventions, and individualized management strategies are essential for optimizing outcomes. Future research should focus on improving risk prediction models and refining management protocols to reduce neonatal and maternal complications associated with PPROM.

Emerging Perspectives on Benign Breast Diseases

2025-04-16T10:48:05+00:00

Background
Non-malignant breast disorders (BBD) exist as a large group of breast lesions which include fibroadenomas together with
fibrocystic changes and mastitis and rarer pathological conditions. These breast conditions appear commonly and represent
most of the observed breastfeeding clinical cases. There exist two types of benign breast diseases which either have potential
risks of developing cancerous growths or contribute to significant patient quality-of-life changes. Research and clinical
practice about BBD depend on fundamental knowledge of their development mechanisms alongside diagnostic features and
outcomes for creating optimized treatment approaches and developing new diagnostic methods and counseling techniques
and prevention strategies.
Methods
The advisory team performed an observational prospective analysis to examine women who had benign breast lesions at
their tertiary care facility. All participants received clinical evaluations in addition to mammography and ultrasonography
imaging followed by histopathological analysis. Baseline demographic information was collected. All tests including exams,
imaging studies and laboratory analyses were used to determine specific patterns and assess treatment success rates and
discover possible factors which might lead to recurrent conditions or disease advancement.
Results
The study enrolled 200 women who had benign breast diseases and fibroadenoma appeared as the dominant condition while
fibrocystic changes and mastitis followed. The presentations of diseases depended on the age of patients combined with
hormonal factors and their reproductive conditions. The analysis of tissue samples by pathologists revealed both disease
features along with foreseeable treatment outcomes. The treatment approached medical staff with the patients included non
invasive care with medication administration and the implementation of surgery depending on individual circumstances. The
healthcare field introduced three major developing trends that involved minimally invasive biopsy approaches together with
enhanced imaging solutions and hormonal control strategies.
Conclusion
Although benign breast diseases stay within non-cancerous categories they still result in noteworthy physical complications
together with mental stress. The primary need exists for rapid and precise medical diagnostics as well as tailored treatment
methods to stop complications and reduce patient nervousness. Additional study must concentrate on developing diagnostic
techniques while implementing team-oriented treatment plans to optimize therapeutic processes and results of care.

Comparative Title Knowledge, Attitude, And Perception About Respiratory Diseases Associated With Biomass Smoke Exposure Among Rural Women In West Bengal

2025-04-16T10:55:31+00:00

Background: Biomass smoke is a primary source of indoor air pollution in many rural settings, contributing to an increased burden of respiratory symptoms and diseases. In West Bengal, India, women face disproportionate exposure due to traditional cooking practices using biomass fuels like wood, crop residue, and dung. Understanding their knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of these health risks is crucial for designing targeted interventions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 rural women in a single selected district of West Bengal from April to October 2023. A multistage cluster sampling strategy was used to ensure representation of various administrative blocks and villages within the district. Structured interviews assessed socio-demographics, fuel use, ventilation, and KAP regarding respiratory diseases. Knowledge scores were derived from participants’ understanding of common respiratory conditions (e.g., chronic cough, breathlessness). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 25.

Results: Approximately 38% of respondents showed adequate knowledge of the respiratory risks linked to biomass smoke, with 32% recognizing persistent cough and difficulty in breathing as common health effects. Although 55% believed that improved cookstoves or cleaner fuels could prevent respiratory problems, only 28% consistently used cleaner alternatives. The main barriers were financial limitations, inconsistent fuel supply, and low awareness. Secondary or higher education and exposure to health awareness programs were significantly associated with better KAP (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study highlights suboptimal KAP concerning biomass smoke–related respiratory diseases among rural women in a selected district of West Bengal. Enhancing educational outreach, improving cookstove availability, and ensuring affordable, cleaner fuels are recommended to reduce the respiratory health burden. A multifaceted intervention addressing socio-economic and cultural determinants is crucial for effective policy implementation.

Clinical Study of Incidence and Risk Factors for Abdominal Surgical Site Infections

2025-04-16T11:03:26+00:00

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) create substantial patient complications and death rates in diverse healthcare
systems worldwide while adversely affecting surgical treatment results. SSIs present a high risk for abdominal surgery
patients due to complex surgical operations and gastrointestinal tract contamination along with individual patient medical
conditions. Healthcare professionals need to understand both the rate of SSIs and associated risk elements for abdominal
surgeries to develop preventive measures.
Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted on patients undergoing abdominal surgical procedures at a tertiary
care center. Patient demographics, preoperative variables, and intraoperative factors were recorded. Postoperative follow-up
included clinical examination and laboratory investigations to detect SSIs. Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics
to ascertain the incidence of SSIs and inferential tests to know and evaluate risk factors.
Results: The study analyzed 300 patients who developed postoperative SSIs among 48 of them (16%). Medical personnel
isolated Staphylococcus aureus as the most frequently observed organism in their samples. Older than 60 years of age
together with diabetes mellitus patients undergoing surgeries longer than expected duration at contaminated surgical sites
and failing to maintain proper blood sugar levels led to higher incidence of SSI. Statistical analysis of multiple factors
indicated diabetes and operations lasting longer than average that continued to demonstrate a significant risk pattern.
Conclusion: The present study highlights that SSIs remain a frequent complication following abdominal surgeries. Diabetes
mellitus, advanced age, and prolonged procedures notably predisposed patients to infection. The combination of well
designed interventions that control blood sugar levels while improving surgical procedures shows potential to decrease the
occurrence of SSIs in abdominal surgeries.

Evaluating Different Techniques Of Laparotomy Closure: A Prospective Study

2025-04-16T11:19:28+00:00

Background: Optimal laparotomy closure techniques remain a subject of debate despite advances in surgical methods and materials. Patients currently experience a variety of surgical complications including wound dehiscence and surgical site infections (SSIs) and incisional hernias and postoperative pain that persists. Identifying the most effective closure technique could reduce the incidence of these complications, minimize reoperations, and improve patient outcomes.

Methods: A 12-month prospective research was carried out at a tertiary care hospital.. A total of 150 patients requiring midline laparotomy were consecutively recruited and randomized into three groups (n=50 per group): Group A utilized interrupted, conventional sutures; Group B employed continuous, slowly absorbable sutures; and Group C applied a layered closure technique combining interrupted fascia sutures with continuous skin sutures. Wound complication rates including infections and incision dehiscence and incisional hernia served as the main study outcome measure during six months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included operative time for closure, postoperative pain scores, and patient quality-of-life indices. Data were analyzed using appropriate univariate and multivariate statistical tools.

Results: The participants demonstrated equivalent characteristics when researchers evaluated each group at the start of the study. Research data showed that Group C patients recorded lower amounts of wound complications when compared to Groups A and B with statistical significance (p<0.05). The surgical conclusion time was considerably shorter in Group B (p<0.01) yet postoperative discomfort reached its minimum level in Group C. At six months the patients in Groups B and C developed few incisional hernia cases with Group C achieving statistical significance (p<0.05).

Conclusion: A layered closure technique combining interrupted fascial sutures with continuous cutaneous suturing appears to offer a balanced approach, yielding fewer wound complications and acceptable operative times. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate suture selection and closure technique to optimize outcomes

Can Adhd Present In Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome? A Case Report

2025-04-16T11:27:53+00:00

Background: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is an uncommon neurological disorder primarily characterized by unilateral cerebral hemiatrophy with compensatory cranial changes. Clinical manifestations typically include seizures, hemiparesis, and developmental delays. While various neuropsychiatric presentations have been sporadically reported, the occurrence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a comorbidity remains undocumented.

Case Presentation: We describe a 4-year-old boy with a known diagnosis of DDMS since birth who subsequently developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures and, independently, began exhibiting cardinal features of ADHD—namely inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms persisted even after seizure control was achieved. Neuroimaging revealed the classic structural hallmarks of DDMS, including left-sided cerebral atrophy, ipsilateral ventricular dilatation, and a notable midline shift. Following multidisciplinary evaluation, the child was started on methylphenidate for ADHD, despite concerns regarding a lowered seizure threshold. This therapeutic approach led to significant behavioral improvement with no recurrence of seizures.

Conclusion: This case highlights a previously unreported association between DDMS and ADHD, underscoring the importance of broad, individualized management strategies in children with structural brain anomalies. Further research is warranted to clarify the shared neurobiological pathways and refine treatment options for this rare co-occurrence

Machine Learning based Rainfall

2025-04-16T11:41:33+00:00

Predicting the amount of rain is important for many industries, including agriculture, water resource management, and disaster relief. The intricate spatiotemporal patterns of rainfall are often difficult for traditional technologies to adequately represent. By utilising historical data and meteorological variables, machine learning (ML) techniques present a viable method for improving rainfall prediction. Rainfall prediction tasks have been subjected to a variety of machine learning techniques, including as decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), and deep learning models. Hybrid models and ensemble approaches have also been suggested as ways to increase forecast robustness and accuracy. ML-based rainfall prediction exhibits a great deal of promise for rapid and accurate forecasting, supporting decision-making in crucial industries affected by weather variability.

Unlocking the Future: Palm Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)

2025-04-16T11:51:09+00:00

Palm recognition, a subset of biometrics, has received a lot of attention due of its potential utility in many different domains, including security systems and human-computer interface. In this study, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are being utilised to investigate the development of a palm detection system. Deep learning will be used to detect and categorise palm orientation in digital photographs. Data collection, which entails gathering a broad dataset of precisely labelled palm pictures for supervised learning, is an important component of the project. We manage data preprocessing and prepare datasets for model training by employing techniques such as picture scaling, pixel normalisation, and data augmentation. Our technology is built around a CNN model architecture, which generates a neural network capable of automatically collecting information from palm images and conducting smart classification. This design employs convolutional layers for feature extraction and fully linked layers for classification. During the training phase, we investigate the technique, optimizer selection, loss function selection, and hyperparameter optimisation. We pay close attention to two things: monitoring the model's performance on the validation set and putting countermeasures in place to avoid overfitting. The evaluation section provides information about the model's precision and generalizability. We review the results of testing on the validation and test datasets while keeping the problems and limits in mind. Our efforts to fine-tune the model involve adjusting hyperparameters and researching data augmentation approaches, all with the goal of improving model performance. During the inference phase, the trained model's potential in real-world situations is highlighted, demonstrating how it might be applied in practise. Our palm recognition technique paves the path for future biometric authentication use, with potential applications in security, access management, and human-computer interface.

AI-Driven Enhancement of Spam Detection in SMS and Email Using AWS Leveraging Deep Spam Model

2025-04-16T11:59:17+00:00

This study proposes a revolutionary strategy to enhance spam detection in SMS and email communications by integrating the powerful AWS cloud architecture with cutting- edge artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. The project seeks to produce a highly effective system that can discriminate between incoming messages that are spam and those that are legitimate (ham) by utilizing machine learning models that were created on the customized Amazon Sage Maker platform. The solution is deliberately developed and incorporates crucial pieces including AWS Lambda functions, Simple Email Service (SES), S3 buckets for data storage, and the trustworthy MXNet framework for model training and deployment. The suggested solution contains an extensive procedure that combines expensive pre processing, complex feature extraction approaches, hard model training processes, and seamless real- time message classification. The study's experimental findings clearly illustrate the remarkable efficacy of the offered strategy in accurately identifying and categorizing spam messages, considerably enhancing communication security and dependability overall. This research fulfills the highest conference standards, as it includes a full investigation of the topic coupled with practical application and real-world repercussions

A Sustainable Biosphere Through Intelligent Technologies (1) (1).docx

2025-04-16T12:08:12+00:00

This chapter investigates the revolutionary capacity of artificial intelligence (AI) to support a resilient and enduring biosphere. It examines how AI technologies, encompassing machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision, can fundamentally change the way we approach biodiversity protection, ecological observation, and the creation of environmentally friendly bio-based solutions. Key areas of focus include AI-driven identification and monitoring of species, predictive modelling of ecological disruptions, precision agriculture methods for improved resource management, and the development of innovative biomaterials and biofuels through AI-powered drug discovery and bioengineering. Furthermore, the ethical implications and potential difficulties linked to AI-based environmental stewardship are critically analyzed, covering topics such as data security, algorithmic prejudice, and the accountable implementation of autonomous systems. This research aims to deliver a thorough analysis of the opportunities and challenges presented by AI in establishing a more sustainable and robust biosphere for generations to come.

Outsmarting Cyber squatters: The Role of AI in Domain Name Protection

2025-04-16T12:17:53+00:00

Cybersquatting, the practice of registering domain names identical or similar to trademarks with the intent to profit, poses a significant threat to businesses and individuals alike. Traditional methods of combating cybersquatting often prove insufficient in the face of evolving tactics employed by malicious actors. This research investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in revolutionizing domain name protection. By leveraging advanced machine learning algorithms and natural language processing techniques, AI-powered systems can effectively identify and mitigate cybersquatting attempts. This paper delves into the application of AI in various aspects of domain name protection, including early detection of potential cybersquatting, automated dispute resolution, and real-time monitoring of the domain name market. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing AI-based solutions and future research directions, this study aims to contribute to the development of robust and innovative strategies for safeguarding digital assets in the era of AI.

Integrating Ardhanarishwar Symbolism and Bisexuality: A Neurotherapy Based Approach to Alleviating Back Pain through Alternative Healing

2025-04-16T12:59:39+00:00

The deity Ardhanarisvara is a representation of Shiva as both male and female, where "Ardha" signifies "half" and "Nari" means "woman." This iconic form underscores the inherent unity of Shiva and his Shakti, Parvati, emphasizing that Shiva is incomplete without his feminine counterpart. Ardhanarisvara embodies the philosophical concept of the interconnectedness and equal importance of Purusha (masculine principle, consciousness) and Prakriti (feminine principle, nature/matter/energy).

This symbolic duality is mirrored in human biology. Human development is not strictly unisexual; rather, each individual possesses the inherent capacity for both male and female characteristics. In fetal development, both Mullerian and Wolffian ducts are present. The Mullerian duct differentiates into female internal reproductive organs (fallopian tubes and uterus), while the Wolffian duct develops into male internal reproductive organs (epididymis, vas deferens, and male external genitalia). The hormonal balance of testosterone and estrogen, both present in the fetus, plays a crucial role in determining sexual differentiation.

Anatomically, the human spine is segmented into five distinct regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Certain holistic health perspectives propose a link between energy centers, such as the "Nabhi" and chakras, with organ function and potentially musculoskeletal issues like back pain. Back pain encompasses various classifications including lumbosacral, radicular, and referred pain, often attributed to pathologies like disc bulge, herniation, or degeneration. These conditions are broadly categorized as Non-Specific Low Back Pain or Specific Low Back Pain. Wellness Neurotherapy aims to address these conditions through treatment protocols tailored to individual patient history, present clinical presentation, and diagnostic assessments.

The Effect of Sperm DNA Fragmentation on Invitro Fertilization: From Embryo Development to Clinical Pregnancy Success.

2025-04-16T13:18:33+00:00

The prevalence of infertility affects reproductive-aged couples worldwide, with male characteristics responsible for nearly half of the cases. Traditional semen analysis often fails to diagnose male infertility, as infertile men exhibit normal results. Sperm DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) fragmentation (SDF) has gained attention for its diagnostic value in predicting male fertility outcomes, especially in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. The proposed study investigates the effect of SDF on fertilization rates, clinical pregnancy results, and embryo quality. A total of 202 couples were selected from Yana Women Hospital and Fertility Centre, and other hospitals in Kerala. The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) values of the test group (DFI 30) and the control group (DFI 30) were used to separate the participants into two groups. The number of retrieved oocytes and MII oocytes showed no significant difference. The number of high-quality embryos was found to be negatively correlated with sperm DFI. The results demonstrated that there was an inverse relationship between clinical pregnancy rate and DFI, which was statistically significant ( ). Additional findings presented that high DFI is significantly related to reduced sperm concentration, inferior morphology, and lower motility. Pearson correlation revealed an inverse relationship between high DFI and clinical pregnancy rate (r = -0.1316, p = 0.001), highlighting the effect of DNA integrity on reproductive success. Therefore, in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) cycles, high DFI levels signify lower fertility rates, clinical pregnancy rates, and embryo quality.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Insights Into Etiology, Symptoms, And Treatment Options

2025-04-16T13:22:18+00:00

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that is prevalent in women in the reproductive age whereby the ovaries have cysts and are accompanied by symptoms that reduce quality of life. They include the following; Irregular menstrual cycles, Hyperandrogenism characterized by hirsutism, severe acne and some alopecia, Polycystic ovaries are seen on ultrasound examination. The cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is concisely known to be multiethnic and multifactorial with insulin resistance being considered as the critical precipitating factor. This insulin resistance sometimes results in high levels of insulin, adding to hyperandrogenism and worsening of the PCOS manifestation. Measures for managing PCOS are diverse; medical and additional or alternative therapies are employed. Most of the allopathic management involve the use of hormonal treatments like the combined oral contraceptives for irregular menstruation and lowering of androgen levels, spironolactone for hirsutism among others, and metformin for insulin resistance. Likewise nutritional intercession is vital in handling of metabolic perversion linked to PCOS. Healthy carbohydrates, which carbohydrates with a less glycemic index, fibre and daily exercise help with weight and metabolic issues. Further, herbal medicine has other potential benefits in the form of complementary therapies: spearmint tea, for example vitex (chaste tree) to name a couple may help to reduce the discomfort and rebalance hormones. PCOS suffers should be treated individually according to the distinct manifestations because this integrative approach delivers efficient results in managing ailment. Lifestyle changes coupled with pharmacologic and herbal medications enhance the well-being of women with PCOS as well as the reduction of the associated life threatening complications, giving more reason for a better understanding of this illness. Further studies should be conducted to develop new interventions and optimise patient’s care, especially patients with PCOS.

Biomedical Advance Studies Involving Cfd Models, Specially In Human Anatomy

2025-04-16T13:27:38+00:00

Biomathematics is the branch of Mathematics where we study those mathematical formulations which are applicable in the field of life sciences. Several biomathematical models have been applying in the field of life sciences for solving complicated and complexioned problems on ecology, growth, viral diseases, cardiovascular diseases etc. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which is a branch of Mathematics, presently, an important section of Biomathematics, providing Mathematical Models in the studies on human anatomy and human physiology specially related to liquid flow and gaseous flow in human body. In this context, we will discuss about the application of CFD in diagnosis of diseases related to artery (atherosclerosis) circulation of blood through heart valves means heart functioning and further the mathematical design will be studied and investigated in certain circumstances of calculations.

AI-Driven Multimodal Fusion of Neuroimaging and Speech Analysis for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers

2025-04-16T13:32:29+00:00

Introduction: Appendicitis most common abdominal surgical emergency in children with a lifetime risk of 8%. it accounts for over 11% of paediatric emergency room visits. Surgical management has been the mainstay of treatment over the years, however Non-surgical managemet has gained the popularity in recent years.

Aim: uncomplicated appendicitis in paediatrics patients- evaluate outcome of surgical or non-surgical management.

Materials and method: this is a prospective observational study done over a period of 3 years (January 2022-January 2025) in SMS Medical college, Jaipur were studied. Data of all chidren [less than 18 years of age] admitted for acute appedicitis (complicated/uncompliacted) over a period of 3 years. Diagnosis, mode of management i.e. surgical or conservative, post operative course/complications and duration of stay were redorded.

Results: A total of 300 children (200 male / 100 female) were admitted for acute appendicitis over 2 years i.e. January 2022-January 2024. Uncomplicated appendicitis was seen in 250 (83.3%) patients. 200 of them underwent non-surgical while 50 were operated for persisting symptoms and clinical illness. Complicated appendicitis was found in 50 (16.6%) cases which were further operated and were excluded. Out of 50 surgically managed cases 40 had a history of prolonged conservative management elsewhere while 10 patients did not show any clinical relief even after a conservative management of a mean 5 days. The mean duration of stay in the non-surgical group was 2.7 days as compared to a longer mean duration of 8 days in the operative group. The mean duration to full feeds was longer in operative group (6 days) As compared to the non-surgical group (2.5 days). Recurrent appendicitis leading to surgical management was seen in 30/250 (12%) patients.

Conclusion: So, finally from this study we concluded that non-surgical management lessens the operative costs and post- operative morbidity , hospital stay and its complications. a conservative management must be the first line of treatment for uncomplicated appendcitis.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Euphorbia neriifolia: A Therapeutic Perspective

2025-04-16T13:37:03+00:00

Based on its use in traditional medicine, Euphorbia neriifolia is a well-known medicinal plant with substantial therapeutic potential. The pharmacognostic traits, phytochemical profile, pharmacological activity, and quality control methods related to this adaptable species are examined in this paper. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics are among the many bioactive substances found in the plant that give it a variety of pharmacological qualities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and wound-healing effects. Its identification and standardisation are based on pharmacognostic tests, which guarantee the use of genuine plant material. Compounds like taraxerol and euphol have been found by phytochemical studies as important contributions to its bioactivity. For extracts to be consistent from batch to batch, chromatographic fingerprinting methods such as TLC, HPLC, and GC-MS are crucial. Quality control measures, such as the assessment of physicochemical properties, toxicity testing, and conformity with regulatory standards, play a key role in insuring safety and efficacy. Even though E. neriifolia has a lot of potential for therapeutic development, issues including its inconsistent phytochemical makeup and scant clinical data call for more study. In order to effectively utilise Euphorbia neriifolia's medicinal potential, this review emphasises the significance of fusing traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific methodologies. It also lays the groundwork for the plant's use in the creation of plant-based medications.

The Sequel Of Advanced Maternal Age On Regulation Of Anti- Mullerian Hormone, Quality Of Oocytes, Embryo Competency And Pregnancy Outcomes In Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles

2025-04-17T05:21:53+00:00

Advanced maternal age (AMA), defined as 35 years or older, significantly affects fertility due to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), reduced oocyte quality, and decreased embryo competency. With a growing trend of delayed childbearing, AMA has become a key factor in the increasing demand for assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study aims to assess the impact of AMA on anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, oocyte quality, embryo competence, and pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. This retrospective study involved 240 women undergoing ICSI cycles at the Bliss Fertility Centre in Kottayam, Kerala, between January 2022 and August 2024. Participants were categorized into five age groups, and data were collected on AMH levels, oocyte quality, embryo grade, and pregnancy outcomes. AMH levels were measured using chemiluminescence immune assays, and oocyte morphology was assessed microscopically. Statistical analyses included logistic regression and chi-square tests. The mean AMH level across the cohort was 2.83 2.05 ng/mL, with significantly lower levels observed in women aged 37 years. Good-quality oocytes were retrieved in 88.4% of women aged 25–31, but only 43.2% of those aged 37 ( 0.05). Embryo competency, measured by the percentage of good-quality embryos, was not significantly different across age groups ( 0.808). Pregnancy outcomes declined with increasing age; women aged 25–31 had a 68.4% positive outcome rate, compared to 27% in women aged 37 ( ). Logistic regression highlighted that younger maternal age significantly increased the odds of achieving positive outcomes (OR: 5.85; 95% CI: 2.51–13.61). This study highlights the urgent need for early fertility interventions and ART strategies for AMA patients to optimize reproductive outcomes

Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: Clinical and Biochemical Correlation

2025-04-16T08:50:50+00:00

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in children presenting with RRIs.
To assess the clinical profile of these children.
To analyze the biochemical correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and the frequency/severity of respiratory infections.

AI-Driven Multimodal Fusion of Neuroimaging and Speech Analysis for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers.

2025-04-17T05:51:58+00:00

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative disorder and is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of reliable, efficient early-stage biomarkers. Existing diagnostic techniques, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and positron emission tomography (PET), are invasive, costly, and not accessible in low-resource environments. Although structural and functional neuroimaging (MRI/fMRI) and speech analysis have individually been demonstrated to hold promise in the detection of AD, their potential to work synergistically is largely unexplored. To our knowledge, this study is the first to present a hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) framework that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for neuroimaging analysis and transformer-based natural language processing (NLP) for speech pattern evaluation to detect early AD biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity.

MRI/fMRI scans were extracted from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, and we collected a novel speech dataset comprising verbal fluency, picture description, and spontaneous speech from both AD patients, mild cognitive (MCI) subjects, and healthy controls. Our multimodal fusion model uses both a 3D CNN extractor for neuroimaging data and a fine-tuned BERT transformer for linguistic and paralinguistic features of speech (e.g. semantic coherence, syntactic complexity, and pause frequency). An attention-based fusion layer assigns dynamic weights to the contributions of imaging and speech modalities, which optimizes biomarker detection.

The experimental results showed that our model could accurately differentiate early AD from MCI with an accuracy of 92.3% (AUC: 0.96), where a prominent improvement was found in the classification performance as compared with unimodal approaches (MRI to AD: 82.1% accuracy; speech to AD: 76.5% accuracy). The model especially screened hippocampal atrophy and lexical repetition as the most discriminative ones. Longitudinal validation in a 3-year follow-up cohort showed a strong correlation between AI-predicted risk scores and clinical progression based on decline in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (r=0.85, p<0.001).

This study contributes:

A novel multimodal AI frameworkfor early AD detection using non-invasive, cost-effective data.
Empirical validationof speech and neuroimaging fusion, surpassing unimodal benchmarks.
Clinical interpretabilitythrough saliency maps and attention weights, aligning with known AD pathology.

A Comparative Study on Manual and Automated Software Testing Techniques at Tata Advanced Systems Limited in Nagpur

2025-04-17T06:17:24+00:00

Manual and automated software testing techniques are critical components of quality assurance in modern software development. This study examines the efficacy, efficiency, and application scope of these techniques at Tata Advanced Systems Limited in Nagpur. The research identifies the strengths and limitations inherent in both methods, emphasizing their role in optimizing development cycles, ensuring reliability, and minimizing operational risks. Through comprehensive analysis, the study reveals how manual testing excels in addressing complex, exploratory scenarios requiring human judgment, while automated testing demonstrates superiority in handling repetitive, large-scale tasks with speed and accuracy. Additionally, the comparative evaluation highlights the challenges organizations face, including resource allocation, cost implications, and skill set requirements. By leveraging a mixed-method approach, incorporating case studies, surveys, and interviews, the findings underscore the importance of strategic integration, where a hybrid model combining manual and automated techniques yields the most effective results. This research contributes to the broader discourse on software testing methodologies, offering actionable insights to industry practitioners and decision-makers aiming to enhance testing frameworks and achieve sustainable technological advancement.

Healthcare Prediction Based on Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Network.

2025-04-17T06:15:08+00:00

The integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has significantly advanced predictive analytics in healthcare. These technologies enable the analysis of complex medical data, facilitating early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and efficient resource allocation. CNNs, renowned for their prowess in image recognition, have been effectively applied to medical imaging tasks such as tumor detection, diabetic retinopathy classification, and organ segmentation. Simultaneously, ML algorithms, including decision trees and support vector machines, complement CNNs by processing non-image-based medical data, aiding in patient risk assessment and prognosis prediction. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including data scarcity, class imbalance, model interpretability, and ethical concerns regarding patient privacy. This paper explores the current landscape of ML and CNN applications in healthcare prediction, highlighting their capabilities, limitations, and potential future directions.

The Detection of the Bacterial that cause Urinary Tract infection in women and Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on the Biofilm Production

2025-04-17T06:26:43+00:00

Of course, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infection in women. Microorganisms (M.O.) can produce potential virulence factors which are hemolysins or haemolysins. Probiotics are live harmless normal flora microorganisms, mostly represented by the strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and so on. However, when given in the right dosages, these microorganisms aid the health of the host. In this study, an attempt was made to isolate species of gram-negative bacteria from urinary tract infection, and test the in-vitro antibiotic and selected probiotic species against some pathogenic bacteria and search for hemolysin genes. A total of 200 urine specimens were obtained from patients with UTIs, consisting of 100 pregnant (50%) and 100 non-pregnant (50%), patients. Gram staining and microscopically analyses of bacterial colonies were done. Pathogen species were identified by biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. The well diffusion method and agar spot method were used to assess the effectiveness of probiotics against a group of isolated bacteria. Virulence genes of bacterial isolates were detected by PCR. The results revealed that 120 out of 200 urine specimens (60%) had significant bacteriuria. UPEC was present in 32/120 (26.7%) of the cultured samples, P. aeruginosa in 7/120 (5.8%), and P. mirabilis in 4/120 (3.3%). PCR diagnosis of 16S rRNA in isolates was 100% positive. E. coli isolates were 100% positive for both Hly-A and Hly-B genes. P. aeruginosa Hly-1 (plcH) and Hly-2 (exlA) were 85.7% and 71.4% positive, respectively. P. mirabilis Hly-A (hmpA) and Hly-B (hmpB) were 50% and 75% positive, respectively. The UPEC and P. mirabilis isolates showed higher resistance levels to lincomycin, rifampin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, colistin, and nalidixic acid (100%). In susceptibility testing using the well diffusion method, L. acidophilus was effective against 77% (P = 0.008) and L. plantarum against 90% (P = 0.003). In the agar spot method, L. acidophilus was effective against 82% (P = 0.005) and L. plantarum against 95% (P = 0.004). Most isolates were resistant to colistin, nalidixic acid, and azithromycin. The investigation into this mode of AR, found that Hly-A and Hly-B genes in bacterial cells enable them to be resistant to antibiotics. It has been found that Lactobacillus spp. do have antibacterial efficacy against in vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria, but junctional test indicates that whereas they can prevent the completely formation of strong biofilm in all isolates, they cannot inhibit the biofilm formation in all isolates for all period of observation.

A Comparative Study on Manual and Automated Software Testing Techniques at Tata Advanced Systems Limited in Nagpur.

2025-04-17T06:26:35+00:00

A Hybrid Graph Convolutional Bidirectional Lstm Model Based Classifier And Segmentation Using Modified Birch Algorithm For Early Detection Of Lung Cancer

2025-04-17T11:51:12+00:00

Lung cancer (LC) has an unbelievable annual incidence of over five million deaths, making it one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide for both men and women. Detecting malignant lung nodules (LN) on the provided input lung image and classifying the LC along with its severity are the primary objectives of this study. Using cutting-edge Hybrid Deep learning (HDL) techniques, this study detects the malignant LNs. This research proposes an intelligent framework for lung cancer detection in PET images, integrating advanced techniques for noise removal, segmentation, classification, and hyperparameter tuning. First, aAdaptive Weiner Filter (AWF) is applied to PET images to effectively remove noise and enhance image clarity, ensuring more accurate analysis. Subsequently, the Modified BIRCH algorithm is utilized for segmentation, enabling the delineation of regions of interest within the images. For LC classification, a Hybrid Graph Convolutional Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM)framework is developed. This novel architecture combines the effectiveness of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Bi-LSTM units, facilitating comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal features in PET images. To enhance model performance, Hyperparameter (HP) tuning is performed using the Enhanced HBO (Honey bee optimization) Algorithm, optimizing model parameters for improved accuracy and robustness. The suggested framework is evaluated using the PET Dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately detecting LC in PET images

Review Of Intrusion Detection System In Various E-Commerce Platforms

2025-04-17T12:00:03+00:00

The twenty-first century has witnessed a rapid growth of technological advancements aiming to lead the world towards a new era of innovations. E-commerce is a phenomenal product of this innovatory stream, and its influence extends far beyond traditional retail. The application circle of e-commerce is widespread in almost every sector of our life, including areas such as healthcare, finance, education, and more, proving its validity and impact on our routine life vividly. E-commerce communications depend on modern devices such as laptops, personal computers, communication sensors, servers, switches, etc. The expanding domain of e-commerce applications is bringing the involvement of more communication devices, which raises a serious question about the security of the whole communication system. Integrating suspicious entities with the mainstream communication network may create malicious activities resulting in severe outcomes. Hence, we need a secure communication framework to ensure attack-efficient and reliable communication streams, especially in critical sectors like healthcare, where data privacy and system integrity are paramount. This paper reviews different efficient and secure electronic payment systems, with an emphasis on their application across various sectors, including healthcare, Supply chain.

Forensic Handwriting Analysis: Validating the Doc-Scale Approach

2025-04-17T12:07:55+00:00

This study examines the effectiveness of the innovative 'Forensic Doc-Scale' in addressing the limitations of conventional forensic handwriting analysis methods. Handwriting features like slant, alignment, spacing, and dimensions were analyzed in disputed signature cases. Conventional methods often lack precision and are prone to subjectivity, relying on inconsistent tools. The 'Forensic Doc-Scale' introduces standardized features, including proportional grids and alignment markers, to enhance accuracy and objectivity. A comparison with conventional methods using prepared and real forensic cases demonstrated improved precision, reduced subjectivity, and higher reproducibility. Adaptable to various document types, the 'Forensic Doc-Scale' offers significant advantages and is recommended as a standard tool for reliable forensic handwriting analysis

A Research of Flavonoids in Inflammation: Exploring Their Role in Modulating Pro-Inflammatory Pathways

2025-04-17T12:24:53+00:00

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of Citrus limon peel extract loaded silver Nano gel for the treatment of inflammation. To achieve this, the alcoholic extract of Citrus limon peel was first screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents. A silver Nano gel was then developed using the Citrus limon peel extract, which was subsequently evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The use of Citrus limon peel extract loaded silver Nano gel aims to overcome the limitations of conventional formulations, such as poor absorption and bioavailability, limited ability to reach the target site, and expensive production and formulation processes. By developing a nanogel-based formulation, the study seeks to improve the delivery and efficacy of the Citrus limon peel extract. The potential benefits of this developed silver nanogel include improved anti-inflammatory activity, better penetration, and reduced costs, making it a promising treatment option for inflammation. By leveraging the therapeutic properties of Citrus limon peel extract and the advantages of Nano gel technology, this study aims to provide a novel and effective solution for the treatment of inflammation. Future Prospects: Citrus limon peel extract based silver Nano gel were successfully formulated and this could be a promising approach for treatment of inflammation.